化学小结（Chemical nodules）.docVIP

化学小结（Chemical nodules） 1, chemistry is a study of the composition, structure, nature and change of matter, based on experiment, natural science. 2. The fundamental difference between chemical and physical changes is the creation of new substances. In chemical change, some phenomena such as heat release, luminescence, discoloration, gas generation and precipitation occur. 3, physical properties - state, odor, melting point, boiling point, hardness, density, ductility, solubility, volatility, conductivity, adsorption and so on. 4, chemical properties - oxidation, reduction, metal activity, liveliness, stability, corrosion, toxicity, etc. Capable of supporting combustion and capable of responding to a substance (air) Determination of oxygen content in the air: 1, experimental phenomena: the red phosphorus (instead of charcoal, sulfur, iron etc.) have a lot of white smoke generated when burning, the cooling after the stop clip is opened, the water in the beaker into the set of cylinders, finally the water set of cylinders in air volume accounted for 1 / 5. If the measured causes of rising water volume may be less than 1/5: red phosphorus deficiency, not all oxygen consumed the device leakage there is no cooling to room temperature will open spring clip. 2. French chemist Lavoisier suggested that air consists mainly of oxygen and nitrogen. Scheler and Priestley used oxygen in different ways. 3, the components of air are calculated according to volume fraction is about 78%, 21% nitrogen oxygen (oxygen nitrogen ratio is about 4: 1), rare gas (mixture) 0.94%, carbon dioxide is 0.03% and 0.03% for other gases and impurities. The air consists mainly of nitrogen and oxygen, and belongs to the mixture. 4, the harmful substances discharged into the atmosphere can be broadly divided into two categories of dust and gas, gas pollutants are more SO2, CO, NO2, O3. SO2, CO, and NO2 mainly come from combustion of fossil fuels and waste gases from factories. The nature of oxygen 1. Unde