构架裂纹扩展延迟效应-交通运输工程学报.pdfVIP

第 2卷　第 3期 交 通 运 输 工 程 学 报 V ol. 2　No. 3 2002年 9月 Journal of T raffic and T rans portation Engineering Sep. 2002 : 167 1-1637 2002) 03-00 19-04 张立民,梅桂明 , 　6100 31) 　: 列车运行速度的提高和载重量的 加使其主要承载部件转向架构架的运行环境变得恶劣。为 减小轮轨间的作用力,要对构架进行轻量化设计,由此引起了构架疲劳强度问题。 对某高速列车构架 的疲劳试验结果表明,在给定的常规载荷作用下构架裂纹扩展速度出现延迟效应, 最终减小到零。 应 用弹塑性裂纹扩展与闭合概念和残余应力松弛概念分析了构架裂纹扩展延迟效应,结果表明引起构 架裂纹扩展速度减慢的主要因素是循环加载中残余应力的松弛,而裂纹的闭合对裂纹的延迟也有重 要影响;计算了给定工艺构架状态和循环载荷下,不扩展裂纹初始长度的最小值。 : 转向架构架;残余应力; 疲劳裂纹; 结构疲劳 : U260. 331　　　: A Defer effects of crack propagation of bogie - , - Z H AN G L i m in M EI Gui m ing Na tio na l T ractio n Po w e r Labo ra to ry , Southw est Jiao to ng U niv er sity , Ch eng du 6 1003 1, China) Abstract: With the enhancement o f t he speed and the load capacity of rail v ehicl es , the runni ng conditio ns o f bogi e f rame and the main suppo rti ng pa rts o f rail v ehicle becom e wo rse. In o rder to reduce the i nt eractio n fo rce bet ween rai l and wheel, the weight o f the f rame has t o be o pti mized. T hus the fatig ue st rengt h o f t he bogie is of concern. The fa tigue ex perimental resul ts o f a hig h- speed t rai n show t ha t the crack propag atio n of the f ram e slow do w n under the cyclic loads. The concept of relaxa ti on of residua l st ress under cycli c loads and open and clo se of crack are utili zed to analy ze t he ef f ect s o f crack propag atio n. T he analy sis show s that t he mai n reaso n of t he crack propagati on slow dow n o f the f ram e is the relaxa tion of the residual st ress under t he cyclic loads. .