语用学Chapter 9 Adaptaion theory陈新仁何自然何伟.pdfVIP

Chapter Nine Adaptation Theory Contents Adaptation Theory definition characteristic Context and language use of adaptation theory of adaptation theory in adaptation theory 语用综观论就是，语用学不是与语音学、音位学、 形态学、句法学、语义学等学科并列的学科，而 是居高临下纵观这些学科的学科，语用学渗透于 语言运用的各个层面。 Verschueren —— 《语用学新解》 Understanding Pragmatics Adaptation Theory Adaptation theory, known as survival theory or survival of the fittest, is an organisms ability to change in its environment and adjust accordingly over time. WHY The language is an adaptable means of human life and survival, driven by the goal of satisfying communicative needs. ANSWER 因为语言具备以下三个特性，可变性、商讨性、顺应性。 variability + negotiability adaptability Variability  To ask someone for a ride: the property of  a. Give me a ride. language which defines  b. I want you to give me a ride. the range of  c. Will you/ Are you willing to give me a ride? possibilities from which  d. Can you/Are you able to choices can be made give me a ride?  e. Would/could you give me a ride? Negotiability the property of language responsible for the fact that choices are not made mechanically or according to strict form-function relationships, but rather on the basis of highly flexible principles and strategies. Adaptability the property of language which enables human beings to make negotiable linguistic choices from a variable range of options in such a wa