CHAPTER 2 The Internet and World Wide Web 3. How the Internet Works 课件.pptVIP

CHAPTER 2 The Internet and World Wide Web How the Internet works? TCP/IP Routing Traffic Across the Internet Addressing Schemes Domains and Subdomains How the Internet Works Every computer and network on the Internet uses the same protocols (rules and procedures) to control timing and data format. The protocol used by the Internet is the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, or TCP/IP. No matter what type of computer system you connect to the Internet, if it uses TCP/IP, it can exchange data with any other type of computer. How the Internet Works - TCP/IP Most computers dont connect directly to the Internet. Instead, they connect to a smaller network that is connected to the Internet backbone. The Internet includes thousands of host computers (servers), which provide data and services as requested by client systems. When you use the Internet, your PC (a client) requests data from a host system. The request and data are broken into packets and travel across multiple networks before being reassembled at their destination. How the Internet Works - Routing Traffic Across the Internet The Operation of the Internet Packets of information flow between machines governed by common rules (protocols): Internet protocol (IP) Transport control protocol (TCP) Internet is a packet-switching network Messages are decomposed into packets, containing part of the message, plus information on the sending and receiving machines and how the packet relates to the other packets Packets travel independently and possibly on different routes through the Internet Packets are reassembled into the message at the receiving machine. In order to communicate across the Internet, a computer must have a unique address. Every computer on the Internet has a unique numeric identifier, called an Internet Protocol (IP) address. Each IP address has four parts – each part a number between 0 and 255. An IP address might look like this: 04. How the Internet Works - Addres