河海大学研究生英语课文及翻译(重点单词突出显示)Unit8IsaRaceofRobotsPossibleDavidOWoodbury.docxVIP

A?good?many?technical?people?become?irate?when?you?call?a?computer?a?giant?brain.?They?insist?that?a?computer?does?only?what?thinking?humans?have?planned?to?have?it?do.?假如你把计算机称为巨人脑，许多技术人员会感到气愤。他们坚持认为，计算机只不过是做有思维的人类安排它做的事情罢了? Yet?one?authority?states?categorically,?A?machine?can?handle?information;?it?can?calculate,?conclude,?and?choose;?it?can?perform?reasonable?operations?with?information.?A?machine,?therefore,?can?think.?Famed?mathematician?Norbert?Wiener,?of?MIT,?envisions?a?machine?that?can?learn?and?will?in?no?way?be?obliged?to?make?such?decisions?as?we?should?have?made,?or?will?be?acceptable?to?us.?Evidently,?he?thinks?machines?can?think.?不过，一位权威人士明确地说：“机器能处理信息，能进行计算、做出决定和选择，能利用信息从事各种合理的工作，因此，机器能够思维。”麻省理工学院著名的数学家诺伯特·威纳做出展望认为，机器能学习，它“决不会被迫做出我们必须作的决定，或是迎合我们。”显然，他认为机器能够思维? There?is?a?popular?anecdote?about?a?computer?programmer?who,?just?for?a?lark,?spent?days?setting?up?the?machine?to?destroy?itself,?then?watched?delightedly?as?the?computer?dutifully?proceeded?to?commit?suicide.?If?that?machine?could?have?thought,?would?it?not?have?circumvented?him??一个有关一位计算机程序设计员的轶事广为流传。这位程序设计员只是为了取乐，花了几天的时间，装了一台毁灭机器自身的机器，然后兴高采烈地观看这台计算机忠实地自杀，那台计算机假如能够思维的话，难道不会用谋略去战胜他吗? To?me?the?controversy?boils?down?to?a?definition?of?the?word?think?.?There?is?no?area?in?physiology?that?is?less?understood?than?the?human?brain?.?Practically?all?that?is?known?is?that?the?brain?contains?some?ten?billion?tiny?cells?called?neurons.?对我来说，这场争论归根结底就是对“思维”一词如何下定义。从生理学的角度看，没有哪个领域比人脑了解得更少的了。实际上我们所知道的只是大脑约含有100亿个称为神经原的微小细胞? Apparently?neurons?are?elementary?memory?units,?capable?of?storing?the?same?kind?of?information?bits?that?a?machine?can?store.?The?completely?materialistic?view?is?that?neurons,?along?with?an?extraordinary?network?of?nerve-communication?lines,?comprise?all?that?is?to?the?brain.?But?such?an?explanation?fails?to?account?for?how?the?brain?originates?thought.?很显然，神经原是基本的记忆单位，能储存的信息“块”种类与机器是相等的。彻底唯物的观点是，大脑是由神经原与一个特殊的神经通讯网共同组成的。但这一解释并没有说明大脑是如何产生思维的? Probably?the?clearest?differentiation?be