王长喜老师考研15堂语法课第8堂主谓一致.docVIP

LECTURE 8 主谓一致 本堂目标熟悉谓语用单数或用复数的常见情况，掌握一些特殊的主谓一致情况以及定语从句中的主谓一致，确保写作时不出现此类错误。 基础预习 所谓主谓一致就是指主语的形式变了，谓语的某些部分也要随之发生变化；主语和谓语动词之间要保持“数”的一致。 一、主谓一致遵循的三条原则 1）语法一致原则，即谓语的单复数形式要与主语一致； 2）意义一致原则，即谓语的单复数形式要与主语意义上的单复数一致； 3）就近原则，即谓语的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。 二、谓语用单数形式 主语 例示 时间、距离、重量、价值、数目等名词 Fifty years is only a short time in human history. Two hundred miles is a long distance. One dollars seems a fair price to that book. 短语、不定式、句、动名词 Swimming is a good way to keep healthy. To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 Where we will interview hasn’t been made public. “-s”结尾的学科名词 Politics is the art or science of government.[注意:Her politics are/is weak.有物主代词修饰时单复数均可。] 书、报、地名、组织的复数形式 The United Nations is a world organization. The Times speaks for the British government. news/works/corssroads /woods等复数形式表单数概念means视情况 Bad news has wings.好事不出门，坏事传千里。 Every means has been tried to settle the problem. All means have been tried to settle the problem. 并列主语指同一概念时 A thief and murderer was sentenced to death. Care and patience is needed in our work. some/any/no/every + thing/ one/ body/where Somebody is looking for you. Anyone is forbidden to smoke here. each/every/no/many a +单数名词+and+ each/every/no/many a +单数名词 Each man and each woman was invited to the party. No engineer and no worker was in the workshop. Many a boy and many a girl has seen it. many a/the whole/each/ every/neither/either+单数名词 Many a boy has tried, but few have succeeded. The whole nation was in deep sorrow. Neither story is true. each/neither/either+of+名词复数或them, us,you Each of them has a beautiful house. Neither of them is fit for the task. pair of+ 复数名词 This pair of shoes needs mending. more than one+单数名词 More than one soldier was killed in the battle. there be + 单数名词 and + 复数名词 There is a book, two pencils and three pens. one, the other, another, no one, neither等 Here is only one shoe. Where is the other? One has to do one’s best. man(人类)/the world(世人)/clothing(衣着) Our clothing protects us from the cold. Only man knows how t