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Book4第二学期语法动词ing形式
动词 ing 形式
–ing分词（短语）作主语：
Smoking is harmful to our health.
It is no use spending all the time playing computer games.(为了保持句子平衡，用it 作形式主语)
-ing分词（短语）作表语：
What I want to do is taking a bath.
What he said is very exciting.
-ing分词作宾语：
I suggest finishing what Miss Li told us to do first.
We enjoy attending Miss Lis class.
-ing分词作定语：
①单个的分词作定语一般放在被修饰词的前面
There is a swimming pool in our school.
I am content with working in the reading room.
②-ing分词短语作定语应放在被修饰词的后面，也相当于一个定语从句。如：
The girl looking out of the window has a gift for singing.
The girl sleeping there is too badly off to have a holiday.
-ing分词做状语：
①-ing分词短语作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时可由连词when, while引出。如： When he heard the news, he cried rather than laughed. = Hearing the news,he cried rather than laughed.
- When hearing the news,he cried rather than laughed.
②-ing分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：
Being too badly off, I can’t afford to have a holiday.
= Because/As/Since I am too badly off , I can’t afford to have a holiday.
③–ing分词短语作结果状语。一个主语发出两个动作可改成并列谓语 如：
His father died, leaving him a lot of money. = His father died and left him a lot of money.
④-ing分词作伴随状语，一个主语发出两个动作可改成并列谓语 如：
The teacher came in, smiling.= The teacher came in and smiled.
⑤-ing分词间或也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一个状语从句。
Studying hard, you will be admitted into key universities.
=If you study hard, you will be admitted into key universities.
Having been told many times, he still didnt understand how to do it.
= Although he had been told many times, he still didnt understand how to do it.
⑥“with/without+名词普通格或代词宾格+-ing分词”结构在句中作状语，表示伴随情况或时间、原因等
His hair became grey with the years passing. 随着时间的推移，他的头发变花白了。 Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 没人注意，他从窗户溜了出去。
-ing分词作补语： ①--ing分词可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, look at, listen to, observe, have, get, leave, keep, set, catch, find等动词后面和一个名词或代词构成一个复合宾语，作宾语补语。如： I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car. 我下车的时候注意到一个男人匆匆忙忙地从银行里跑出来。 Last night the shopkeeper caught
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