圆轴扭转横截面应力分布研究.DOC

圆轴扭转横截面应力分布研究 邹广平1*，唱忠良2*，薛启超3* *（哈尔滨工程大学 建筑工程学院，哈尔滨 150001） 摘 要：目前对塑性材料在大扭距作用下的扭转分析主要是把材料看成理想弹塑性材料。例如低碳钢在受扭距作用时就可以采用理想弹塑性本构关系去描述其扭转行为。同时也有人提出采用圆轴扭转实验所确定的本构关系可以更好的描述材料的大变形行为。由于扭转时很难定量地测量圆轴横截面上各点的应力大小，所以很难说明那种本构关系更好。因此本文采用ANSYS软件进行了圆轴扭转的数值模拟，并利用金相观察的方法定性说明：对于低碳钢材料，当扭距超过材料的屈服极限时，采用扭转实验所确定的本构关系要比采用拉伸实验所确定的理想弹塑性本构关系更符合实际情况。 关键词：圆轴扭转，本构关系，数值模拟，金相观察 The Research of Cylindrical Torsion Cross Section Stress Distribiution ZOU Guangping*，CHANG Zhongliang*，XUE Qichao* *(College of Civil Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China) Abstract: Now the torsion analysis of plastic material under big moment function is regarded as ideal elastic-plastic materials. For example the low-carbon steel under moment function may use ideal elastic-plastic constitutive relationship to describe torsion behavior. At the same time someone proposed that it will be better to describe material big distortion behavior when adopted the constitutive relationship which determined by the cylindrical torsion experiment. Because the stress distribution of cylinder cross section is very difficult to fix quantify measured when torsion, therefore it is very difficult to explain which constitutive relationship is better. So this article used ANSYS software to carry on the cylindrical torsion numerical simulation, and also used metallographical observation method to qualitative show that: for low-carbon steel material, when the moment surpass material yield strength, use the constitutive relationship which determined by the torsion experiment is more conform to the actual situation than used ideal elastic-plastic constitutive relationship which determined by the tension experiment. Key Words：cylindrical torsionconstitutive relationship; numerical simulation; metallographica observation 引言 在塑性材料的圆轴扭转实验中，通常采用理想弹塑性本构关系来研究其扭转力学性能，认为材料在受扭后横截面保持平面，并且在其自身平面内呈刚性旋转现象，所以在其截面上的应力线与圆截面是同心的。当圆截面受到的扭距不大时，材料处于弹性阶段。剪应力分布图如图1所示；当扭距超过材料的屈服极限时，将在圆截面的外部产生塑性区，其内部仍为弹性区。剪应力分布如图2所示[1]。由于在圆轴扭转实验中不存在变细、“颈缩”等问题，