备战2018年高考英语 考点一遍过专题20 虚拟语气（含解析）.docVIP

考点 高考频度：★★★★☆ 【命题解读】 对虚拟语气的考查重点在于根据句子的语境灵活多样地运用虚拟语气，宾语从句中虚拟语气的应用，交际用语中为表示委婉而使用的虚拟语气，含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气，以及特殊句型中的虚拟语气等。 【命题预测】 在特定语境下，情态动词和虚拟语气与动词的时态和语态相结合的考查是近年来高考的趋势。 【复习建议】 1. 掌握虚拟语气的基本用法； 2. 掌握含蓄虚拟条件句的用法； 3. 掌握主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句的用法； 4. 掌握名词性从句中的虚拟语气的用法； 5. 掌握wish/if only/would rather从句中的虚拟语气的用法。 考一　if条件句中的虚拟语气 if条件 从句 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 表示现 在情况 动词过去式(be的过去式用were) should/would/could/might＋动词原形 表示过 去情况 had＋过去分词 should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词 表示将 来情况 should＋动词原形 should/would/could/might＋动词原形 动词过去式 were to＋动词原形 If I were you，I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。 We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold hadn’t offered us a ride home. 如果昨天哈罗德没送我们回家，我们会打出租车回家的。 【巧学妙记】 虚拟语气记忆口诀 虚拟语气表愿望； If句中三情况； 与现事实若相反； 从过全were 主would原； 过从had过分连； Would have过分键； 从过were to should原； Would动原主将反。 1.(2017·北京卷单项填空 If the new safety system ________ to use, the accident would never have happened. A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put 【参考答案】A 2.(2016·天津卷单项填空)I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I ____. A. were injured B. would be injured C. had been injured D. would have been injured 【参考答案】D 【答案解析】句意：我当时系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。使用虚拟语气，根据if条件句用的had done，可知，主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟，而且I和injure是被动关系。故选D。考二　错综时间条件句的虚拟语气 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为＂错综时间条件句＂，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。 If you had followed the doctor’s advice，you would be better now. 如果你当时听医生建议的话，你现在就好多了。2016·江苏卷单项填空If it_________ for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now. A. had not been B. should not be C. were not to be D. should not have been 【参考答案】A 考三　省略if的倒装句 在条件句中可省略if，把were，had，should提到句首，变为倒装句式。 ?If I were at school again, I would study harder. →Were I at school again, I would study harder. 如果我重回学校，我会更加努力学习。 ?If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. → Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus. 要是你来的再早点，你可能就赶上公交了。 ?If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. → Should it r