图像处理文档.pdf

摘要： 作为信息的最重要载体，电⼦⽂档处理的研究引起⼈们极⼤的兴趣。在任何 ⽂档处理系统中，预处理极为重要，其效果好坏会严重地影响其它模块的⼯作。特 别是灰度图像⼆值化效果的好坏，对识别效果以及其后的⼀切处理都有相当⼤的影 响。原因之⼀是，任何物理传感输⼊都是灰度图像，⽂档处理系统的⼤多数模块却 仅仅处理⼆值图像，图像⼆值化是必不可少的。此外，图像⼆值化本⾝也是数字图 像处理中重要的基本问题。 本⽂⾸先介绍完整的⽂档处理系统以及其预处理模块，然后将重点放在⼆值 化问题上，给出图像阈值化⽅法的综述，并对全局阈值化、局部动态阈值化等⽅法 的优点和缺点给出评价。本⽂尤其针对灰度变化⽐较复杂的⽂档图像，提出了⼀种 改进的动态阈值化算法，并以仿真实验与以往的全局⽅法进⾏了⽐较，证实所发展 新⽅法的优势。本⽂对该新算法在具体应⽤中会遇到的问题也做了估计，并提出解 决相应问题的基本原则。 关键词：预处理，灰度图像，⼆值化，阈值 Direct Local-thresholding Method for Gray-level Document Images Abstract: People have great interest in the study of document processing, as electronic document is the most important information carrier nowadays. In any document processing system, pre-processing plays an important role in that it affects all the later modules in the system. Among various pre-processing, gray-level image to binary- image conversion, or image binarization is a key. First, an image obtained with a sensor is essentially a grey-level image, but most modules in the processing system only deal with binary image, and binarization becomes a necessity. Second, binarization has it’s own basic research interest. In this thesis, we first introduce the full document processing system and its preprocessing part; then we give special attention to the problem of binarization, and make a survey of various existing image thresholding methodologies, including global methods and local dynamic methods, 1 with evaluations of their excellences and shortcomings. Then, aiming at the case of document image with complex gray-level variation, we bring forward an improved dynamic thresholding algorithm, named Direct Local-thresholding Method, which is proved to be better than former global method by simulating experiments. Finally, we discuss the problems may encountered in application systems, and put forward basic principles for possible solutions. Key words: preprocess, gray-level image, binarization, threshold