第三篇 细菌.pdf

Chapter 3 Bacteria Bacteria are: a. prokaryotic b. single-celled, microscopic organisms c. much samller than eukaryotic cells d. very complex despite their small size Chapter outline • 细菌的大小、形状和排列 • 细菌的结构和功能 一、细菌的大小、形状和排列 (一) 细菌的形态 1. The coccus A. Division in one plane diplococcus streptococcus Diplococcus Arrangement Scanning Electron Micrograph of Streptococcus pneumoniae Electron Micrograph of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (奈瑟氏淋球菌) Streptococcus pyogenes （化脓链球菌） Electron Micrograph of Streptococcus pyogenes B. Division in two planes tetrad ( 四联)arrangement. C. Division in three planes sarcina （八叠）arrangement D. Division in random planes staphylococcus （葡萄球菌）arrangement. Gram Stain of Staphylococcus aureus Electron Micrograph of Staphylococcus aureus 2. The rod or bacillus Bacilli are rod-shaped bacteria. Bacilli all divide in one plane producing a bacillus, streptobacillus, or coccobacillus. A. bacillus: a single bacillus B. streptobacillus: a chain of bacilli C. a coccobacillus: oval and similar to a coccus Single Rod (Bacillus) 3. The spiral （螺旋菌） A. vibrio （弧菌）: curved or comma-shaped rod B. spirillum （螺旋菌）: thick, rigid spiral C. spirochete （螺旋体）: thin, flexible spiral Vibrio Electron Micrograph of Vibrio cholerae Spirillum The spirochete Borrelia (包柔氏螺旋体) in a blood smear 4. 不规则形 Acetobacter aceti Bifidobacteriu m bifidum （二） 细菌的大小 1. An average coccus: about 0.5- 1.0 µm in diameter. 2. bacillus : 0.5-1.0 µm wide by 1.0-4.0 µm long. 3. Spirals range in size from 1 µm to over 100 µm in length. (A micrometer equals 1/1,000,000 of a meter) 二、细菌的结构 （一）The Cytoplasmic M