激光辐照窗口材料热力耦合效应研究.pdfVIP

摘 要 激光技术在近些年来发展很迅速，在很多的研究领域，尤其是航 天工业，得到了广泛的应用。激光与材料之间相互作用的原理既是激 光加工材料的基础，也是激光武器研究的重要理论之一，因此对激光 辐照材料损伤机制的研究成为一项崭新的科学研究方向。 本论文首先概述激光技术的发展背景及激光辐照材料的热力耦合 效应，接着利用傅里叶导热公式数值模拟计算了长脉冲激光辐照窗口 材料多光谱 ZnS 的热力耦合效应。模拟结果为：在辐照区域 ZnS 吸收 辐照激光的能量导致温度升高，辐照区域外温度影响较低，产生不同 的温度场。由于受热不均匀产生温度差异，材料各处膨胀或收缩变形 不一致，相互制约产生热应力，温度变化决定热应力变化，二者耦合 影响材料的结构特性。在温度和变形的共同作用下，主应力随激光辐 照表面深度的增大而增大，从压应力变为拉应力再变为压应力，这就 导致了等效应力在厚度方向呈现波动性，波动随着时间的增加向远处 传播并且波动强度增加，这些可以从应力场中直接看出。激光强度在 空间上呈高斯分布，使得辐照光斑位置处等效应力最大，因此光斑中 心最容易出现损伤，损伤机理是材料温度上升导致的应力损伤而不是 熔融性损伤。 [关 键 词]：激光技术；温度场；应力场；数值模拟；热力耦合效应 I ABSTRACT In recent years, laser technology has rapidly developed and been widely used in many fields, particularly in space industry. Mechanisms of the interaction between laser and materials are not only the basis of choosing laser materials but also the important theory in designing laser weapons, and then the study on the damage mechanisms of laser irradiated materials became a new subject of scientific research. This thesis first summarizes the development background of laser technology and the thermo-mechanical coupling effect of laser irradiation materials, and then simulates the thermo-mechanical coupling effect in long-pulsed multi-spectral laser irradiation window material ZnS by using the Fourier heat conduction formula. Main simulation results are: in irradiation region, ZnS absorbs the laser irradiation energy and then the temperature is increased. Out of the irradiation region, the temperature is less influenced, and then a temperature difference is generated. The material’s deformation due to different expansion or contraction in different regions originated from the temperature difference results in thermal stress, which is determined by the temperature conditions. Accor