类水滑石的合成及应用研究.pdfVIP

  摘 要 本实验分别设计合成了碳酸根型、焦磷酸根型的锌铝二元水滑石以及锌镁铝三 元水滑石，分别使用了共沉淀法、成核/晶化隔离法来制备设计的类水滑石，利用 XRD 、FT-IR 和 TG-DTA 等检测方法对合成样品进行表征，主要探讨了锌镁铝投料 摩尔比、晶化温度、反应体系的 PH 值、不同乳化剂的添加量对合成水滑石的晶体 结构和晶胞参数表现的影响。结果表明成核/晶化隔离法比共沉淀法合成的类水滑 石，所表现出的晶体结构规整，晶胞参数要大。添加 OP-10、Tween 40、S-80 乳化 剂到反应体系中，添加乳化剂后合成的水滑石的晶粒尺寸和晶胞参数明显降低，其 相关参数随着晶化温度和晶化时间的增大都出现一个最值后趋于稳定，不是越高越 好。 为了探索合成类水滑石热性能的应用，本文用 自己合成的水滑石与传统钙锌热 稳定剂复配，并将配出的复合热稳定剂作为 PVC 的添加剂做成硬制品，通过静态烘 箱老化实验、动态双棍老化实验、白度仪测试、刚果红实验、脱氯化氢实验对 PVC 制品的热稳定性进行探究。用白度仪对式样的老化程度进行测定，探究结果表明， 实验设计合成的类水滑石应用于 PVC 中热稳定性能良好，与钙锌热稳定剂复配使用 效果更佳。 关键词：三元类水滑石，焦磷酸根，聚氯乙烯，热稳定剂，成核/晶化隔离法   I   Abstract Through the coprecipitation isolation, nucleation and crystallization respectively, this experiment synthesizes carbonic acid, phosphoric acidroot, pyrophosphoric acid root type Mg - Al, zinc - Mg - Al, zinc - Al hydrotalcitethe, and the samples were characterized by XRD, FT-IR and TG-DTA test. This experiment mainly discusses the mole ratio of magne sium aluminum zinc, crystallization temperature, PH of reaction system,emulsifiers, the ty pe and dosage of synthetic hydrotalcite grain size and cell parameters. Results show that t he grain size and cell parameters are bigger by the nucleation/crystallization segregation l aws than coprecipitation synthetic hydrotalcite, and the grain size and cell of hydrotalcite are lower after adding emulsifier,and the crystallization temperature and time increase to o ne of the most value, then tend to be stable valuer, not the better in the higher. In order to explore the synthetic application of hydrotalcite heat performance, through static ovenageing test, whiteness meter test, Congo red test to explore the thermal stability of PVC products, this paper uses the compound of synthetic hydrotal