金属腐蚀耐酸性研究的.docVIP

吉林化工学院 材料科学与工程学院毕业论文 金属填料耐酸性介质腐蚀研究 Acid-base filler corrosive media research 学生学号： 学生姓名： 王刚 专业班级： 材料化学1003 指导教师： 张福胜 职 称： 教授 起止日期： 2014.2.24～2014.6.18 吉 林 化 工 学 院 Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology摘 要 腐蚀遍及国民经济各部门，给国民经济带来巨大的经济损失。20世纪50年代前腐蚀的定义只局限于金属腐蚀。从50年代以后，许多权威的腐蚀学者或研究机构倾向于把腐蚀的定义扩大到所有的材料。但通常还是指金属的损坏。因为金属及其合金至今仍然是最重要的结构材料，所以金属腐蚀还是最引人注意的问题之一。腐蚀给合金材料造成的直接损失巨大。有人统计每年全世界腐蚀报废的金属约一亿吨,占年产量的20%～40%。而且随着工业化的进程,腐蚀问题日趋严重化，美国1949年腐蚀消耗(材料消耗和腐蚀)为50亿美元，1975年达700亿美元，到1985年高达1680亿美元，与1949年相比增加了80余倍。估计全世界每年因腐蚀报废的钢铁设备相当于年产量的30%。显然，金属构件的毁坏，其价值远比金属材料的价值大的多；发达国家每年因腐蚀造成的经济损失约占国民生产总值的2-4%；美国每年因腐蚀要多消耗3.4%的能源；我国每年因腐蚀造成的经济损失至少达二百亿。腐蚀的巨大危害不仅体现在经济损失上，它还会带来惨重的人员伤亡、环境污染、资源浪费、阻碍新技术的发展、促进自然资源的损耗。Abstract Corrosion in the national economy departments, bring huge economic losses to national economy. In the 1950 s before corrosion confined to the definition of metal corrosion. Corrosion from the 50 s, many authoritative scholars and research institutions tend to define the corrosion of the expanded to all the materials. But generally refers to the damage of the metal. Because the metals and their alloys is still the most important structural materials, so the metal corrosion is one of the most notable problems. Corrosion alloy material directly caused by the huge losses. According to corrosion scrap metal around the world each year about one hundred million tons, accounting for 20% ~ 40% of annual output. And as the process of industrialization, the corrosion problem is increasingly serious, the corrosion of 1949 consumption, material consumption and corrosion) of $5 billion, $70 billion in 1975, up to $168 billion by 1985, compared with 1949 increased by more than 80 times. Estimates that every year all over the world due to corrosion of scrap steel equipment is equivalent to 30% of annual output. Obviously, the destruction of metal component, its value far greater than the value of the metal material; Developed count