UK+history英国史.ppt

Unit Two History of Britain ;The Rise and Fall of the British Empire;; 1.1 Roman Britain and Anglo-Saxons; Stonehenge It is the most famous prehistoric monument in Britain and is situated on Salisbury Plain in the county of Wiltshire. People began building Stonehenge about 5,000 years ago, dragging each stone into place. ; ;;Capable administrators good builders (towns and cities roads) Building of London River Thames “London Bridge” Building of roads ;1.1.4 The Anglo-Saxon Invasion (5th—8th Century);The Anglo-Saxons laid the foundations of the English state. They divided the country into shires, with shire courts and shire reeves, or sheriffs, (郡，郡法庭和郡法官、或行政司法长官)responsible for administering law. They devised the narrow-strip, three-field farming system which continued to the 18th century. (窄条三圃田农耕制) They established the manorial system.(领地制） They created the Witan（council or meeting of the wisemen） to advise the king, the basis of the Privy Council which still exists today.（贤人会议，即枢密院） ;1.1.5 Danish Invasion (8th Century — 1066); Westminster Abbey, built in1052, by the penultimate King of England, the Edward the Confessor (1042-1066);In 1066, Edward chose Harold of Wessex to be King in his place. Duke William, often referred to as William the Conquer, challenged Harold’s succession, won the Battle of Hastings, and was crowned King. ;In 1067, William started building the Tower of London, the great fortress which demonstrated his power and dominated the city of London.;;;Provisions of Oxford limiting the King’s power by calling regular meetings of the Great Council Parler—to talk Official formation of the two houses of parliament: House of Lords House of Commons;a series of wars fought between England and France over trade, territory, security and the throne promoted the concept of English nationalism. promoted the development of the textile industry