水稻形态学.doc

Table Of Contents Table Of Contents 1 Morphology of the Rice Plant 2 Germinating seed 2 Seedling 4 Tiller 6 Culm 8 Leaf 12 Panicle and Spikelets 18 Floret 24 Flower 27 Rice grain 29 Print Version 31 Index 32 Morphology of the Rice Plant Germinating seed When the seed germinates in well-drained and well-aerated soil, the coleorhiza, a covering enclosing the radicle or primary root, protrudes first. Fig. 1 - The coleorhiza protrudes first. Shortly after the coleorhiza appears, the radicle or primary root breaks through the covering. Fig. 2 - Radicle or primary root breaks through the covering. Two or more sparsely branched seminal roots follow. These roots eventually die and are replaced by many secondary adventitious roots. Fig. 3 - Seminal roots If the seed germinates in water, the coleoptile, a covering enclosing the young shoot, emerges ahead of the coleorhiza. The coleoptile emerges as a tapered cylinder. Fig. 4 - Coleoptile emerging as a tapered cylinder. Seedling The mesocotyl or basal portion of the coleoptile elongates when the seed germinates in soil, and in darkness. It pushes the coleoptile above the soil surface. Fig. 5 - Mesocotyl pushing the coleoptile above the soil surface. The first seedling leaf, or primary leaf, emerges from the growing seed. It is green and shaped like a cylinder. It has no blade. The second leaf is a complete leaf. It is differentiated into a leaf blade and a leaf sheath. Fig. 6 - First and second seedling leaf. Tiller The seedling will grow and develop branched tillers. Parts of the rice tiller include the roots, culm and leaves. Mature roots of the rice plant are fibrous and produce smaller roots called rootlets. All roots have root hairs to absorb moisture and nutrients. Fig. 7 - Parts of the rice tiller. There are two kinds of mature roots: secondary adventitious roots adventitious prop roots prop roots. Fig. 8 - Types of roots. Secondary adventitious roots are produced from the undergroun