英语阅读ppt-地震.ppt

Significant earthquakes in the vicinity of Japan Then, what is earthquake? Naturally occurring earthquake An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earths crust that creates seismic waves(地震波). This energy is released as a combination of radiated elastic strain seismic waves, frictional heating of the fault surface, and cracking of the rock, thus causing an earthquake. Thank you very much for your kind attention! The strong earthquake hit Japan Introduction Time: 2:46 pm local time, March 11, 2011 Place: Near Japans northeastern Honshu IslandDepth: about 10 km Magnitude: 9.0 in the Richter scale (It has been the largest earthquake in Japan over 140 years.) Disaster: The strong earthquake hit Japan and resulted in 10-metre tsunami and serious nuclear leakage accident, causing heavy casualties and property losses. As at 18:00 on March 20, Japans quake and tsunami have left 8277 people dead and 12,722 missing. Disaster Site Nuclear Leakage Fire Disaster （From Jan. 1996 to Jul. 2006） Source:http://www.seisvol.kishou.go.jp/eq/higai/higai1996-new.html magnitude Depth (km) occur anywhere within the earth where there is sufficient stored elastic strain energy. increasing stress, stored strain energy around the fault surface. until the stress has risen sufficiently to break through the asperity. suddenly allowing sliding over the locked portion of the fault, releasing the stored energy. Earthquakes are recorded with a seismometer（地震检波器）, also known as a seismograph（地震仪）. Deep focus earthquakes The majority of tectonic earthquakes originate at depths not exceeding tens of kilometers. In seduction zones, where older and colder oceanic crust descends beneath another tectonic plate, Deep focus earthquakes may occur at much greater depths (up to seven hundred kilometers). Earthquakes often occur in volcanic regions and are caused there, both by tectonic faults and by the movement of magma in volcanoes. Such ea