解破学 1的.1骨学.pptVIP

Hunan University of Arts and Science;The general description The bones of trunk The skull The bones of limbs → homework;§1 The general description;Proper shape Hard and resilient Abundant in blood and nerve supply Metabolism and growth Repairing 修复 Regeneration 再生 Reconstruction 再造;儿童的骨头比成人多。因为： 儿童的骶骨有5块，成人后合为1块。 儿童的尾骨有4～5块，成人后合为1块。 儿童有2块髂骨、2块坐骨和2块耻骨，到成人就合并成为2块髋骨。 这样儿童的骨头要比成人多 11～12块， 就是说有217～218块。而初生婴儿的骨头竟多达305块。 ;long bone short bone flate bone irregular bone;⒋ The structure of bones;The structure of bones;Compact bone(骨密质) Cancellous bone(骨松质);The bony substance;The bony substance;The bony substance;13;In the flat bones of the skull, the layers of compact bone are called the outer plate (外板) and inner plate (内板), while the layer of spongy bone is called the diplo? (板障)。 ;Red bone marrow Yellow bone marrow;红骨髓： 主要由不同发育阶段的血细胞构成，主要分布在胸骨、椎骨、肋骨、髂骨等处。 具有造血功能。;The distribution of the red bone marrow;有机质 无机质;年龄对骨的化学成分和物理性质的影响;The axial skeleton 中轴骨骼 Made up of the bones along the midline (axis) of the body, including the skull, hyoid bone(舌骨) , spinal column, ribs and sternum (胸骨).;The visceral bones are formed in soft organs. They are not present in all species of animals. ;The general components The vertebrae The ribs The sternum;⒈ The general components;Cervical vertebrae 颈椎 Thoracic vertebrae 胸椎 Lumbar vertebrae 腰椎 Sacrum 骶椎 Coccyx 尾椎;⑴ The vertebral structure ;body;The vertebral structure view;The foramen is nearly triangular and is relatively large and roomy.;The cervical vertebrae - Atlas and Axis view;The articulation of Atlas with Axis;The body in heart-shaped.;The facets (肋凹 )for the rib head and tubercle;The body in kidney-shaped.;Made up of 5 fused vertebrae.;Made up of 4 coccygeal(尾椎的) vertebrae.;⒊ The ribs 肋骨;Ribs 肋骨;neck;The ribs may be classified into following types:;Jugular notch 胸骨上切迹 Clavicular notch 锁骨切迹;The general features of the skull The bones of the cerebral cranium The bones of the