《英语语法》第十五章 信息结构和强调.docVIP

第十五章 信息结构和强调 被动语态 后移 外位 分隔 强调 前移 倒装 部分倒装 全部倒装 分裂 分裂句 拟式分裂句 存在句 存在句的信息结构 存在句的语法特征 ＊知识串讲 后移如戏剧一样，重要时刻出现时会插入号声，并对准聚光灯，往往出现在戏剧结束时。后移是制造悬念达到高潮的语法后移通常所采用的手段有：变主动动态为被动态，分隔毗邻的部分，还有其他的一些手段。 外位 语分句外位见诸于各种句式： SVC To make fun of a disabled man is not funny at all. It is not funny at all to make fun of 8 disabled man. 戏弄残疾人一点都不好笑。 SVO That she should reject your proposal surprised me. →It surprised me that she should reject your proposal. 她竟然会拒绝你的求婚，这使我感到吃惊。 SVOC To see that their team Started to launch a counterattack made them excited. It made them excited to see that their team started launching a counter attack. 看到他们队开始反攻，他们非常激动。 SV What his response will be doesnt matter. It doesnt matter what his response will be. 他会作出何种反应，这并不重要。 外位可以是以上例子中的任何一种，但语法上是可以选择的要依信息中心是否是分句主语而定。但在某些句子中，外位是制的，尤其是主谓结构的句子： ①lt appeared that he was not paying any attention to my warni 他似乎并不注意我的提醒。 ②It seems that the best we can do is leave her alone. 最我们所能稍好的办法似乎应该是让她独自呆着。 ③said that Magic Johnson is coming back to the Lakers. 据说神奇的约翰逊将回到湖人队。 ④It is reported that Nissan is closing down its factories overseas． 报道，尼桑将关闭他在海外的工厂。 如果谓语含有分句，那么，外位是不可能的，如下例： ①Thatneutral person is appointed for the chair is an agreement that they arrived at after months of negotiation. 数月谈判之后他们达成了协议：选一位中立人士当主席。 ②Where she was at the time of the murder was of major concern to the police that are investigating the case. 对于调查这一案件的警察来说，主要的问题是谋杀发生时她在那里。 宾语分句外位 不论是限定性分句还是非限定性分句，宾语分句的外位通常局限于主一谓一宾一补( svoc)和主一谓一宾一状(SVOA)句型。 例如： SVOC He found it annoying that his neighbor kept calling him by the wrong name. 他的邻居总是叫错他们的名字，这令他很烦。 You will find it exciting working with him. 你会发现和他在一起工作非常令人高兴。 I deem it my duty to help her. 我把帮助她看做我的责任。 SVOA We took it for granted that Mr. Green would be appointed Keep