unit1 Friendship 第四学时.ppt

* 第四学时　Grammar Friendship 直接引语和间接引语(1) 一、概念 1．直接引语：当我们引用别人的话语时，如果引用的是原话，被引用的部分就叫直接引语。例如： The teacher asked，“Do you like English？” The girl said，“I like English very much.” 注意：引语前常使用逗号，而不是冒号；引号内直接引语的单词首字母要大写。 2．间接引语：当我们要引用别人的话语时，可以用自己的话把意思转述过来，被转述的部分叫做间接引语。例如： The teacher asked the girl if she liked English. The girl said that she liked English very much. 注意：间接引语不用逗号、引号；间接引语要考虑人称、时态、时间状语、地点状语和指示代词的变化。 二、直接引语变间接引语的规则 直接引语形式 变化 规则 例　句 陈述句 从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等要作相应的变化 通常用that引导宾语从句(口语中that常省略) He said, “I’m going shopping”．→He said that he was going shopping. 一般疑问句、选择疑问句、反义疑问句 ①用whether/if引导宾语从句，从句改为陈述语序，问号改为句号； ②主句谓语动词为said,则改为asked； ③主句谓语动词后没有间接宾语，可以加一个间接宾语me，him，her，us等。 She said，“Is your father at home？” →She asked me whether my father was at home. 特殊 疑问句 ①用特殊疑问词引导宾语从句，从句改为陈述语序，问号改为句号。 ②疑问式的动词改为陈述式。 “What do you do every Sunday morning？”my friend asked me. →My friend asked me what I did every Sunday morning. 巧学助记： 直接引语变为间接引语的口诀 (1)当直接引语为陈述句时，变间接引语的记忆口诀： 去掉引号加that，人称变化要灵活。 时态向后退一步，状语变化按规则。 (2)当直接引语为一般疑问句时，变间接引语的记忆口诀： 去掉引号加if，陈述语序要记住。 时态人称和状语，小心变化别马虎。 (3)当直接引语是特殊疑问句时，变间接引语的记忆口诀： 直接去引号，陈述莫忘掉。 小心助动词，去它最重要。 (4)人称代词的变化口诀： ①“一随三”。若直接引语中有第一人称，变间接引语时应与主句中主语的人称相一致。 ②“二随宾”。若直接引语中有第二人称，变间接引语时应与主句中宾语的人称相一致。 ③“第三人称不更新”。直接引语中的第三人称变间接引语时不需要变化。 三、时态的变化 如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化；如主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句的时态则无需变化。 时态的变化 例句 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 →一般过去时 He said，“I’m a teacher now.” He said that he was a teacher then. 现在进行时 →过去进行时 He said，“I’m watching TV.” He said that he was watching TV. 现在完成时 →过去完成时 She said，“I have not heard from him since May.” She said that she had not heard from him since May. 一般过去时 →过去完成时 He said，“I came to help you.” He said that he had come to help me. 过去完成时 不变 He said，“I had finished my homework before supper.” He said that he had finished his homework before supper. 一般将来时 →过去将来时 Zhou Lan said，“We’ll have a party next week.” Zhou Lan said that they would have a party the next week. 四、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化 变化形式 例句 指示代词 直接引语 间接引语 this→that