必修3unit4Listening.pptVIP

Listening Pre-listening Isaac Newton 1642～1727 英国物理学家 经典物理学理论体系的建立者。 1665年创立微分；1666年开始研究积分。 1666年,开始想到研究重力(gravity)问题，苹果落地的传说，也是在此时发生的轶事。其一生的重大科学思想是在这两年期间（22至23岁）岁形成的。1669年，把《自然哲学的数学原理》，《宇宙体系》)等手稿送到剑桥大学图书馆收藏。晚年研究宗教。 Albert Einstein（1879～1955） 质量(m)和能量(E)的相当性：E＝mc2 爱因斯坦在量子论、分子运动论、相对论(Theory of Relativity)等物理学的三个不同领域取得了历史性成就，特别是狭义相对论的建立和光量子论的提出，推动了物理学理论的革命，他对社会进步事业也有重要贡献。 斯蒂芬·藿金是当今科学界的一位传奇性人物。这不仅仅因为他是一位被誉为继爱因斯坦后最著名的科学思想家和最杰出的理论物理学家，还在于他是在常人无法想象的身体状况下进行研究和创造性工作的。 黑洞并非只是吞噬物质。除了会在星系形成的过程中扮演重要角色外，在经过一段相当漫长的时间后，黑洞也会把一些曾被它吸入的物质信息向外界释放出来。 Listening Listening text DEVELOPMENT OF IDEAS ON GRAITY Isaac Newton was the first person to put forward a theory about gravity. He lived from 1642 to 1727 in England. At this time people were becoming very interested in science. There is a story that one day Isaac Newton was sitting under a tree when he saw an apple fall. This made him think. He realized that everything on the earth fell back to the earth if it was dropped or thrown away. This gave him his most famous idea. He suggested that everything falls back to the earth because of a pull he called gravity. Newton’s idea about gravity lasted for a very long time. It was not until 1905 that anybody suggested his idea was not correct. Albert Einstein, who lived from 1879 to 1955, suggested in 1905 that gravity was different in space. This meant that it was not the same everywhere. For example, the gravity of the moon is weaker than that of the earth because the moon is smaller. Also when a rocket or spaceship is in space there would be no gravity at all. Einstein also suggested that time is not the same everywhere. It depends on the speed which a planet takes when turning. For example, on the earth we measure time in days and years. But in space, time can be different. A planet that turns round more slowly would have a longer day and one that turns more quickly would have