基于辅因子化学本质及功能的分类与讨论-大学化学.pdfVIP

大学化学(Daxue Huaxue) April Univ. Chem. 2016, 31 (4), 39－48 39 ∙知识介绍∙ doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXH 基于辅因子化学本质及功能的分类与讨论 王志鹏1,2 邓 耿1,* 1 2 ( 清华大学化学系，北京100084；Department of Chemistry, Texas AM University, Texas 77840, USA) 摘要：辅因子是蛋白质或酶结构的重要组成部分，在许多酶的功能中发挥重要乃至关键作用。在科研和 教学中，现有的辅因子概念及其分类系统不够清晰准确。本文从化学本质和功能上将辅因子分为催化 型、载体型和底物型3 类，并以若干典型的辅因子为例讨论辅因子的特异性及再生性等问题。 关键词：辅因子；辅酶；辅基；分类 中图分类号：O6 ；G64 Discussion and Classification of Cofactors Based on Their Chemical Essences and Functions WANG A. Zhipeng1,2 DENG Geng1,* 1 (Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100086, P. R. China; 2Department of Chemistry, Texas AM University, Texas 77840, USA) Abstract: Cofactors are vital parts of proteins and enzymes, which play remarkably significant roles in the functional realization of enzyme catalyzing processes. However, in current study system of cofactors, the definition and classification are not clear enough. In this article, we suggest to divide the various cofactors into three major groups: catalysis-type cofactors, carrier-type cofactors, and substrate-type cofactors according to their chemical essences and catalytic mechanisms, followed by the discussion of several typical cofactor examples to demonstrate the specificity and regeneration of cofactors. Key Words: Cofactor; Coenzyme; Prosthetic group; Classification 1 引 言 绝大多数酶都是蛋白质。在蛋白酶的化学结构中，除了氨基酸组成的多肽链外，还有很多非蛋 白结构，包括金属离子、有机小分子、金属有机/无机配合物等，人们将其统称为辅因子(cofactor) 。 这些非蛋白结构与无活性的蛋白酶前体(