十章创建类(Chapter_DefiningClasses).pptVIP

Python Programming, 3/e 1 Python Programming:An Introduction ToComputer Science Chapter 10 Defining Classes Python Programming, 3/e 2 Objectives To appreciate how defining new classes can provide structure for a complex program. To be able to read and write Python class definitions. To understand the concept of encapsulation and how it contributes to building modular and maintainable programs. Python Programming, 3/e 3 Objectives To be able to write programs involving simple class definitions. To be able to write interactive graphics programs involving novel (programmer designed) widgets. Python Programming, 3/e 4 Quick Review of Objects In the last three chapters we’ve developed techniques for structuring the computations of the program. We’ll now take a look at techniques for structuring the data that our programs use. So far, our programs have made use of objects created from pre-defined classes such as Circle. In this chapter we’ll learn how to write our own classes to create novel objects. Python Programming, 3/e 5 Quick Review of Objects In chapter four an object was defined as an active data type that knows stuff and can do stuff. More precisely, an object consists of: A collection of related information. A set of operations to manipulate that information. Python Programming, 3/e 6 Quick Review of Objects The information is stored inside the object in instance variables. The operations, called methods, are functions that “live” inside the object. Collectively, the instance variables and methods are called the attributes of an object. Python Programming, 3/e 7 Quick Review of Objects A Circle object will have instance variables such as center, which remembers the center point of the circle, and radius, which stores the length of the circle’s radius. The draw method examines the center and radius to decide which pixels in a window should be colored. Python Programming, 3/e 8 Quick Review of Objects The move method will change the value of center to reflect th