genomics proteomic中s.ppt

Genomics Proteomics基因组学与蛋白质组学;;Contents;Genomics;Principal Points;DNA Genome;Human Genome Project;二十世纪的三大计划;1.1 人类基因组计划的出现;Maxam-Gillbert Sequencing;The Sanger Technique;Because they lack the -OH (which allows nucleotides to join a growing DNA strand), replication stops. ;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;传统手工DNA测序;人的基因组有多大？ 人体内的蛋白编码基因是多少？ 编码蛋白的DNA序列在基因组中的比例？ 不同人的基因组差异有多大？ 基因组有人种之分吗？ 基因组是个人的还是人类的共同财产？ 基因可以进行专利吗？ 基因有没有好坏之分？ 致病基因携带者是病人吗？ …… ;;;;;1984年，完成了噬菌体?X174(5386bp)、人线粒体基因组(16.6kb)等的全测序 1984年12月，美国能源部（DOE）支持的会议初次讨论了测定整个人类基因组DNA的意义与前景 1985年，PCR技术出现。 同年，DOE的‘HGP’草案形成 1986年，第一台DNA自动测序仪 1987年 YAC克隆技术出现，同年Applied Systems公司将第一台测序仪推向市场。;A representative YAC contig map assembled by STS mapping. The YAC contig map shown is of the telomere proximal region of the small arm of chromosome 7 (7pter). The contig is oriented such that the 7p telomere is leftward and the chromosome 7 centromere is rightward. Maps such as this are difficult to read because of the amount of information they contain. On the map, each STS is positioned along the top (with its name given vertically, starting with “y”), and each YAC is indicated as a horizontal line below, with its name given to the left and its measured YAC size (in kb) in parentheses. The presence of an STS in a YAC is indicated by a closed blue circle at the appropriate position. STSs in red correspond to YAC insert ends, with a square placed around the corresponding circle both at the top (under the STS name) and at the end of the YAC from which the STS was derived. All other STSs are shown in blue.;PCR;DNA自动测序（1987年） ;1986年，Dulbecco在Science发表HGP的短文 1987年 DOE 正式启动其“人类基因组开创性计划” (Human Genome Initiative) 1988年7月, 人类基因组组织(Human Genome Organization, HUGO)成立，至此, HGP走上国际化。 1988年9月，美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）宣布成立‘人类基因组研究办公室’（于1989年升级为人类基因组研究国家中心（Na