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Italian Renaissance Outline概述 The Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Florence(Italia) in the late Middle Ages and late spreading to the rest of Europe. The literal meaning of the word “renaissance” is “rebirth”. Today，our team would like to focus on Italian Renaissance. Italian Renaissance was the earliest manifestation of the general European Renaissance, a period of great cultural change and achievement that began in Italy around the end of the 13th century and lasted until the 16th century , marking the transition between Medieral and early modern Europe. Origins 起源 Italian Renaissance began in northern Italy, centered in Florence 要了解意大利文艺复兴兴起于北意大利的原因，就要先来看一下中世纪后期的北意大利的情况 Northern and Central Italy in the Late Middle Ages ?By the late middle ages, the heartland of the Roman Empire,and southern Italy,was poor than the north. Rome was a city of ancient ruins,and the Papal sates were loosely administered, and the papal states were loosely administered, and rulnerable to external interference such as that of France and later Spain. In contrast, Northern and Central Italy had become far more prosperous, with the city-states among the wealthiest in Europe. ?At the same time,the Cursades had done much to destroy the Byzantine Empire as a commercial rival to the Venetians.The main trade routes from the east passed through the Byzantine Empire and onwards to the ports of Venice and Genoa.Luxury goods were imported to Italy and then resold throughout Europe. Thus, while northern Italy was not richer in resources than many other parts of Europe, the level of development, stimulated by trade, allowed it to prosper. In particular, Florence became one of the wealthiest of the cities of Northern Italy due mainly to its woolen textile production. ?The Italian trade routes that covered and beyond the Mediterranean were also major conduits of culture and knowledge.In addition,due to the trade and prosperity in th