滴灌玉米叶温与土层关系的数据驱动模拟.docVIP

基于ELES模型的城市居民生活用水水价分析 —以重庆市为例 马黎华 (,粟晓玲2※,胡晓1 （1．西南大学资源环境学院，重庆北碚，400715712100) 摘要：随着城镇化进程的推进，城市的需水量不断增加，合理制定水价可以促进水资源利用的公平和高效，同时也能促进城市有效节水。本文以重庆市为例，对居民生活用水现状以及城市供水的定价进行了分析研究，基于ELES模型，分析重庆市居民生活用水水价的支付能力。结果表明：水费支出承受能力随可支配收入的增加而增加；需水收入弹性随可支配收入的增加而增大；低收入户的生活用水基本需求支出处于警戒线；2016年重庆市实施了阶梯式水价的计价方式，定价基本合理，存在一定的改进空间。 关键词：水价；ELES模型；城市居民生活用水；重庆市； An Analysis of the Water Price for Livelihood of Citizen Based on Extended Linear Expenditure System——A Case Study on Chongqing MA Lihua1※, HU Xiao1, SU Xiaoling2 (1College of Resources and Environments, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; 2 College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A F University, Abstract: With the advance of urbanization process, the urban water demand is increasing. To rationally use water, the role of water price can not be ignored. Appropriate water pricing, can not only promote fairness and efficiency of resources, but also save water effectively. Taking Chongqing as an example, the current situation of domestic water consumption and the pricing of water resources are studied. The ability to pay the price of domestic water in Chongqing is analyzed by ELES model. The results show that the burden of water expenditure will decrease with increases in urban households’ disposable incomes. At the same time, income elasticity of water demands for urban households will improve with increases in disposable incomes. In low-incomes urban households, the fundamental domestic water demands cannot be fulfilled. This year, the multistep water price is implemented in Chongqing, but the specific pricing has yet to be improved. Key words: water price; extended linear expenditure system; urban household water 本文基于2010-2014年重庆市城镇居民不同收入组的水费支出及总消费支出情况，建立ELES模型对重庆市居民不同收入组的用水承受能力以及用水实际支付能力进行了计算与分析；并结合不同收入水平的用户分组的用水需求弹性的分析结果对2016年开始实行的阶梯水价合理性进行分析。 方法与原理 1.1 ELES模型方法与原理 扩展线性支出系统模型(Extend Linear Expenditure System，ELES)，是经济学家Lunch于1973年在英国计量经济学家Stone的线性支出系统模型的基础上推出的一种需求函数系统。ELES模型的基本形式[]为：