美国电力自由化政策与法规探讨以宾泽马及加州-产业发展研究中心.PDFVIP

美國電力自由化政策與法規探討： 以賓澤馬及加州為焦點 Investigation of Electricity Liberalization Policy and Regulation in the USA: Focus on PJM and CA-ISO 許志義 * 黃鈺愷 * 王京明** Hsu, Jyh-Yih Huang, Yu-Kai Wang, Kim-Mie 摘 要 本文旨在探討美國電力市場自由化相關政策與法規之沿革，並以美國最早推行電力 自由化市場的兩個地區「PJM-Interconnection 」和「CA-ISO 」為例，探討兩個電力市場的 電力結構以及制度設計，並研析個別批發市場價格與零售市場價格。PJM 供電結構以燃 煤、核能機組為主，CA-ISO 則以燃氣機組為主。反映在電價上，CA-ISO 批發電力價格 波動較大，零售市場價格較高。最後總結歸納出此兩地區近年電力市場沿革有以下發展 趨勢，值得我國借鑑：(1) 電力交易所與電力調度中心合併營運； (2) 長期雙邊合約簽訂 的普及；(3) 低碳燃料與分散式電源的廣泛運用；(4) 能源資通訊技術的進步使需求面管 理益獲重視。 Abstract The objective of this article is to review electricity liberalization policy and regulation in the USA. The research investigates PJM-Interconnection and CA-ISO, two regional operators that implemented electricity liberalization policy in its earliest stages in America. The structure of electricity supply, electricity market design as well as wholesale and retail market prices for these two operators are analyzed and compared. The results show that the main electricity supply units in PJM are coal and nuclear, while CA-ISO relies more on natural gas. The wholesale market price in CA-ISO shows more fluctuation than that of PJM, and CA-ISO has a higher retail market price. The authors conclude by listing severa