双孢蘑菇野生种质杂交育种研究ⅰ-中国农学通报.pdfVIP

中国农学通报 2013,29(7):93-98 Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 双孢蘑菇野生种质杂交育种研究 Ⅰ 廖剑华 （福建省农业科学院食用菌研究所，福州350014） 摘 要：为了建立双孢蘑菇野生种质杂交育种技术平台，选育出具有适应性强的高产优质双孢蘑菇杂交 品种，应用双孢蘑菇同核不育株间的杂交育种技术，进行国内外野生菌株间及野生菌株与栽培菌株间的 配对杂交。结果表明：双孢蘑菇四孢变种菌株的同核不育株分离比率最大，达92.6% ；传统栽培菌株分 离的同核不育株分离比率较小，仅8.7% 。单孢分离的同核不育株菌落形态存在着较大的差异，其中杂 交菌株分离的同核不育株菌落形态类型变化较多，传统栽培菌株的变化较少。四川野生菌株分离的同 核不育株与国外野生菌株及国内栽培菌株分离的同核不育株间均可杂交，进一步证实四川分离的野生 菌株是我国青藏高原地区的双孢蘑菇野生种质。 关键词：双孢蘑菇；野生菌株；四孢变种；配对杂交 中图分类号：S436.46+ 1 文献标志码：A 论文编号：2012-3926 Study on the Crossbreeding Using Wild Strains of Agaricus bisporus Ⅰ LiaoJianhua (InstituteofEdibleFungi,FujianAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Fuzhou350014) Abstract: TosetupthetechnologyplatformforthecrossbreedingofAgaricusbisporuswildstrains,andscreen outnewhybridcultivarswithstrongadaptability,highproductionandgoodquality,usingthecrossbreeding technologyof Agaricus bisporus homokaryons,thehybridizationsbetweendomesticandforeignwildstrains, wild strains and cultivation strains were carried out. The results showed that, the proportion of sterile homokaryonsin Agaricus burnettii monosporeisolateswasthehighest,upto 92.6%.Itwasthelowestin traditionalcultivationstrain,only 8.7%.Thecolonyshapeofhomokaryonsmademuchdifference,andthe homokaryonsderivedfromhybridstraindiversifiedmorethanthosefromtraditionalstrains.Thehomokaryons separatedfromSichuanwildstrainscouldbeintercrossedwiththosefromforeignwildstrainsordomestic cultivationstrains,furtherindicatingthewildstrainsfromSichuantobeAgaricusbisporusnewgermplasmin TibetaltiplanoareaofChina. Key words: Agaricusbisporus;wildstrain;sterilestrain;hybridization 0 引言 在典型的双孢蘑菇中，双孢担子占绝大多数，大约 双孢蘑菇是世界上人工栽培最广泛