考研英语-重点不定式(学英语报社).pptVIP

动名词和动词不定式 动名词和动词不定时的句法功能（句子成分） 动词不定式和动名词作主语时的用法比较 1. 表一般抽象概念时可互换。 Reading good books enriches our mind. To read good books enriches our mind. 注：动词不定式和动名词作主语时位于 动词一定是单数的。 2.表具体的、特定情形下的或有待完成的动作，通常用动词不定式。 To finish reading such a long novel will takes me several days. 读完这么长的小说要花费我好几天的 时间。 To finish reading such a long novel 表具体的待完成的动作。 Swimming is good for health, but to swim in such a polluted river is harmful to health. 游泳有益健康，但在这条污染如此严重 的河里游泳是有害的。 To swim in such a polluted river 指特定情况下的动作。 3.当it作形式主语时，真正的主语可以是doing or to do. It is difficult to make the air clean. making the air clean. It is nice to meet you. meeting you here. 注：当表语是important, necessary, easy 时后面只能用不定式。且在it is +adj /n. +for/of sb to do sth句型只能用不定式作真 正的主语； 而表语no use, no good, a waste of time, worth时，常用动名词。 It is important to protect our environment. It is no use at all arguing with him. 4.在there is no 后面只用动名词。 There is no knowing whether he will come . There is no telling where he has gone. 动名词和动词不定式作表语的用法比较 1.通常可以互换 His habit is taking a walk after supper. to take a walk after supper. 2.动词若指具体的、特定情况下或未来的动作，通常动词不定式。 Your work today is to finish this article. 3.主语的形式与表语的形式通常应一致。 To see is to believe. Seeing is believing. 动词不定式和动名词作宾语时的用法比较 1. 有些动词只能用动词不定式作宾语 afford offer agree ask decide expect hope wish refuse pretend manage 2. 有些动词只能用动名词作宾语 avoid advise appreciate suggest admit permit keep consider delay enjoy complete finish delay practise mind excuse escape risk miss can’t stand/bear be used to look forward to put off give up put up with keep on get down to (prep) devote to (prep) have difficulty/trouble/problems (in) doing 3. 在某些动词后learn ,continue既可以跟动名词也可以跟动词不定式，意义上基本无差别。 4. begin, start后面跟动词不定式和动名词都可以，通常可以互换，但在以下三种情况下只能用不定式形式。 A. begin, start本身为进行时态 B.注意为非生物的名词或it时 C.后接