北工大研究生英语考试复习.pptxVIP

研究生英语考试复习——PPT整理By Sherry（根据郎老师ppt内容整理）1. Introduction1.Structure of Introduction2.1 How exactly do you write “opening sentences”2.2 Types of a gap/need2.3 How to occupy the gap/need Swales and Feak (1994) postulated a 3-move structure of research paper introductions, as shown below. Necessity of further research (obligatory) CARS (Create-a-Research-Space) model 1.Structure of Introduction2.1 How exactly do you write “opening sentences” (Move 1a)?the general statement of related social backgroundProblem of something problem with solution ApplicationBeneficial properties of the research targetActive research activity Term explanation of your field (e.g. chemical names, definitions, species names)… …usually more than one of the above elementsAttention to “funnel” structure2.2. Types of a gap/need (Move 2) 1) Indicate a gap(weakness of the previous study)2) Continuing a previously developed line of enquiry Building on work already done, but taking it further by ① extending the area studied ② improving the current… ③ using a new sample/method3) Counter-claiming A conflicting claim, theory or method is put forward. 2.2 language strategies (Move 2) Use negative subjectsNegative Verbs Negative Adjectives Contrastive statements Raising a Question 2.3 How to occupy the gap/need (Move3a)1) Outlining purpose (obligatory)The aim/purpose/objective/goal of this paper is to…This paper aims at…/intends to…2) State the nature/focus/thesis of the present research 3) Announcing method of present research. 4) Announcing principle findings 5) Outline of the Research6) Value of Research2. Literature Review1.3 Function of literature review2.1 How to organize the reviewed items?2. 1 What’s the focus of the Literature Review1.3 Function of literature reviewliterature review mayIndicate who the main writers are in a particular areaEvaluate previous studiesIdentify a gap in previous study.Provide a clear theoretical frameworkDefine your terms, drawing on other writers’ definition2.1 How to o