小车方向盘角度检测系统本科大学论文.doc

摘 要 随着人们生活水平的不断提高，汽车已成为人们生产生活必不可少的交通工具。然而随着汽车数量的逐年增加，公路、街道及停车场秩序逐渐混乱，加上非专业司机越来越多，交通事故频发。在这些交通事故中，因为方向盘跑偏及转弯时车速过高而引起的撞车翻车事故不在少数。因此，人们对汽车方向盘及汽车安全性能提出了更高的要求。 本论文针对方向盘跑偏及转弯车速过高等问题，提出了一种方向盘角度检测系统的设计方法。在本设计中，应用旋转电位器进行方向盘角度信号及转弯时路面倾角的检测，应用旋转编码器进行汽车车速的测量，通过Atmega16单片机进行数据的采集和处理，由LED显示方向盘实时角度，并在高速转弯时进行报警。 本设计的硬件部分主要包括信号采集电路设计、ADC转换电路设计、单片机外围电路设计、LED显示电路设计和报警电路设计等。 该设计软件部分介绍了AVR单片机的应用软件，对系统的主要流程作了详细介绍，讲述了单片机数据采集、转换和处理的方法。 通过硬件与软件的结合，完成了方向盘角度检测系统的设计。 关键词： 方向盘角度检测 单片机 电位器 光电编码器 LED A Novel Steering Wheel Angle Detection System Abstract As people living standard rise ceaselessly, the car has become the necessary transportation in our lives and production. However, with the increasing number of cars, the traffic in highways, streets and parking has become chaos, and non-professional drivers are more and more, accordingly, traffic accidents are more and more. There are many accidents are because of the steering wheel deviation and high speed in the corner. Higher requirements have been proposed for steering wheel angle detection system. This thesis proposed a design method of the steering wheel angle detection system, aim to solve the problems of the steering wheel deviation and high speed in the corner. In the thesis, using the rotating potentiometers to test the angle signal of the steering wheel and the road in the corner, and using the photoelectric encoder to test the speed signal. Using ATmega16 SCM to collect and handle data and using LED to display the data of the steering wheel angle. When the speed is high enough, buzzer will start to alarm. The design of hardware includes signal collection circuit，ADC converting circuit，MCU peripheral circuits，LED display circuit and alarm circuit and so on. The design of software introduces application software of AVR and shows the main flow chart of the system in detail, explains how the SCM to acquire, converse and deal with the digital signals. Through the combination of hardware and software, the steering wheel angle dete