加拿大生物妊娠.pptVIP

After fertilization, Blastocyst (fertilized egg) takes 3-5 days to reach the uterus 2-4 days after it reaches the uterus, blastocyst implants in endometrium: this marks the beginning of pregnancy if pregnancy is established, menstruation does not occur During implantation, outer layer of blastocyst produces, HCG ( human chorionic gonadotropin) HCG: prevents degeneration of the corpus luteum (up to 9 months) stimulates it to secrete larger quantities of progesterone, which maintains the uterine lining and prevents contractions Pregnancy tests identify the presence of HCG in the urine of women Tissues grow out of embryo, mingle with endometrium and form placenta Placenta : disc-shaped organ which contains maternal and fetal blood vessels it grows to about the size of a dinner plate weighs less than 1 kg there is no direct mixing of maternal and fetal blood! diffusion of materials between maternal and fetal circulation furnishes a means of gas exchange and nutrient transfer as well as waste removal for the embryo Placenta continues production of HCG, and begins production of progesterone and estrogen maintain the endometrium so the corpus luteum is no longer needed the progesterone and estrogen have a negative feedback effect on the anterior pituitary, and thus prevent secretion of FSH and LH so that no new follicles mature the umbilical cord contains two fetal arteries which carry deoxygenated blood to the placenta from the fetus, and one fetal vein which carries oxygenated blood to the fetus from the placenta Paturition The process by which a mature fetus is expelled from the uterus In humans, birth normally occurs from 38 - 42 weeks after conception, with the average around 40 weeks Childbirth 1. Labour involuntary rhythmic contractions sweep down the uterus which cause the cervix to open to a diameter of 10 cm oxytocin released by the mothers posterior pituitary gland stimulates strong uterine contractions prostaglandins also stim