名字绑定和作用域.pptVIP

VB Function SafeSqrt(Num) TempVal = Math.Abs(Num) Make sure value is positive for square root. Return Math.Sqrt(TempVal) End Function Function SafeSqrt(Num) TempVal = Math.Abs(Num) Make sure value is positive for square root. Return Math.Sqrt(TemVal) End Function * * * * * * * * * * * Global Scope (continued) PHP Programs are embedded in XHTML markup documents, in any number of fragments, some statements and some function definitions The scope of a variable (implicitly) declared in a function is local（局部的） to the function The scope of a variable implicitly declared outside functions is from the declaration to the end of the program, but skips over any intervening functions（中介函数） Global variables can be accessed in a function through the $GLOBALS array or by declaring it global 1-* Global Scope (continued) Python A global variable can be referenced in functions, but can be assigned in a function only if it has been declared to be global in the function 1-* 1-* Evaluation of Static Scoping Works well in many situations Problems: In most cases, too much access is possible As a program evolves（进展、进化）, the initial structure is destroyed and local variables often become global; subprograms also gravitate toward become global, rather than nested 1-* Dynamic Scope Based on calling sequences of program units, not their textual layout (temporal versus spatial) References to variables are connected to declarations by searching back through the chain of subprogram calls that forced execution to this point 1-* Scope Example Big - declaration of X Sub1 - declaration of X - ... call Sub2 ... Sub2 ... - reference to X - ... ... call Sub1 … Big calls Sub1 Sub1 calls Sub2 Sub2 uses X 1-* Scope