专题10 非谓语动词（讲）.docVIP

备战2015年中考二轮讲练测 专题10：非谓语动词（讲案） 一讲考点——考点梳理 非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。 动词不定式 常用形式：一般主动式to do, 一般被动式to be done完成主动式to have done, 完成被动式to have been done进行式to be doing 语法功能： 1）主语：To master a foreign language is very important. 2）表语：My job is to drive them to the company every day. 3）宾语：Do you want to visit the Great Wall?Can you give us some advice on what to do next? 4）宾补：The teacher advised us to have a rest first. I didn(t notice them come in.定语：不定式位于所修饰的名词，代词之后，如：Who was the first one to set to the top of the hill yesterday? /He is the man to depend on/to believe in. 6）状语： A．目的状语：She reads China Daily every day in order to/ so as to /to improve her English. 注：in order to 可以位于句首或句中，so as to 不能位于句首。 B．原因状语： I’m glad to see you . C．结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们一直活到见到家乡解放。 在“too…to…”结构中表“太…结果不能”，如：He is too weak to do the work. 注：too之前如果有only, only too 表“非常”、“很”意，此时不定式不再表否定意，而表肯定意。如：They are only too lucky to go abroad for a visit. 他们很幸运去国外访问。另外，too后如果是happy, glad之类形容词时，不定式也表肯定意，如：She was too happy to meet her old friend in the street. △在“形容词/副词＋enough＋不定式”结构中表“足以能…”，如：He is strong enough to do the work . 4．疑问词＋不定式：可作主语、表语或宾语。 如：How to finish the work in time is a problem.（主语）We don’t know when and where to go .（宾语） 6．不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系： 1）一般式：表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，或在谓语动作之后，或没有时间限制。例如： She hopes to go there again.（在谓语动作之后） It is necessary and important to read English every day.（无时间限制） The factory to make radios is over there.（无时间限制） 2）完成式：表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。 如：I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. /She seems to have been a teacher for many years. 3）进行式：表示正在发生的动作且与谓语动作同时发生. 如：She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I come in. 7．不定式的被动式如：What is to be done is unknown. /The bridge to be bulit there is very long. 分词 1．分词形式：有现在分词和过去分词两种。过去分词只有一种形式，现在分词则有： 一般主动式doing, 一般被动式being done, 完成主动式having done,完成被动式having been done 2．语法功能：在句中作定语、表语、宾补、状语。 3．现在分词和过去分词的区别： 1）语态不同：现在分词表示主动概念，及物动词的过去分词表示被动概念。例如：the moving film 动人的电影，the mov