无线通信原理与应用英lecture.pptVIP

Chapter2: The Cellular Concept-System Design Fundamentals 2.1 The Concept :Cellular Networks 2.2 Frequency Reuse and Capacity 2.3 Channel Assignment andhandoff Handover (Handoff) Provides continuity of communication across cells Difficulty dropping a call before reconnecting is unacceptable different cells use different frequencies mobile phone users usually move from place to place and very quickly Handover Process Received signal weakens as mobile moves out of cell Cell site at some point requests handover to cell with stronger signal strength MSC switches call to new cell after allocating channels. Illustration of a handoff scenario at cell boundary The basic concept of handover strategies Handover must not be too frequent or system is kept busy servicing handover requests handover threshold is set slightly stronger Minimum usable signal level is normally set to be between -90 dBm and -100 dBm Choosing Handover Margins Handover margin ? ? = P r handover - Pr minimum usable If ? is too large unnecessary handover will occur, burdening the MSC If ? is too small, there maybe insufficient time to complete the handover before a call is lost due to weak signals Therefore ? is chosen carefully Setting Handover Thresholds 2.4 Interference 2.5 Trunking and Grade of Service (GOS) Trunking: large number of users share a relatively small number of channels Each user is allocated a channel on per call basis All channel in use: new user is blocked or has to To wait in a queue Trunking theory: A.K. Erlang(1917) Grade of Service (GOS) Grade of Service (GOS): measure of the ability of a user to access a trunked system during the busiest hour. Prob. [call is blocked] or Prob.[delayT] Measure of traffic intensity: Erlang 1 Erlang=amount of traffic intensity carried by a channel that is Completely occupied About Erlang On average, during the busy hour, a company makes 120 outgoing calls of average duration 2 minutes. It receives 200 incoming calls of average d