[川大学]计算机网络通信3.pptVIP

Chapter 3: Transport Layer Chapter goals: understand principles behind transport layer services: multiplexing/demultiplexing(多路复用/多路分解) reliable data transfer(可信赖数据传输) flow control(流控制) congestion control(拥塞控制) instantiation and implementation in the Internet Chapter Overview: transport layer services multiplexing/demultiplexing connectionless transport: UDP principles of reliable data transfer connection-oriented transport: TCP reliable transfer flow control connection management principles of congestion control TCP congestion control 3.1 Introduction and Transport-Layer services provide logical communication between app’ processes running on different hosts transport protocols run in end systems transport vs network layer services: network layer: data transfer between end systems transport layer: data transfer between processes relies on, enhances network layer services Transport-layer protocols Internet transport services: reliable, in-order unicast delivery (TCP) congestion flow control connection setup unreliable (“best-effort”), unordered unicast or multicast delivery: UDP services not available: real-time bandwidth guarantees reliable multicast 3.2 Multiplexing/demultiplexing Recall: segment(数据段) - unit of data exchanged between transport layer entities TPDU: transport protocol data unit Multiplexing/demultiplexing multiplexing/demultiplexing: based on sender, receiver port numbers, IP addresses source, dest port #s in each segment recall: well-known port numbers for specific applications Multiplexing/demultiplexing: examples 3.3 UDP: User Datagram Protocol [RFC 768] “no frills,” “bare bones” Internet transport protocol “best effort” service, UDP segments may be: lost delivered out of order to app connectionless: no handshaking between UDP sender, receiver each UDP segment handled independently of others Why is there a UDP? no connection establishment (which can add delay) simple: no connection state at sender, receiver small segment header no con