精英班写作.ppt

精英班写作课程 Writing 明 喻 1. 使用明喻需要具备的条件： 本体和喻体不能是同一类事物， 并且是本质不同的； 本体和喻体必须有相似点（即可比性）； 二者的相似点要能够引起比喻联系； 喻体是形象的，具体的，人们熟悉的和常用的。 2. 明喻使用的特征词汇 3. 喻体的选择：注意中西方文化的差异 使用明喻的标志性词汇 as: Beauty is as summer fruit, which is easy to corrupt and cannot last… seem: The gate of the building seems to be the entrance to a vast hive of six or seven floors. like: Life was like a box of chocolate… as if / as though: It rained as if the flood-gates of Heaven were opened, and it lighted awfully. compare / liken…to…: Shakespeare compared / likened the world to a stage. as…as…: He drinks as much as a fish. the way (in which): I should smell it the way a cat smells a mouse. might as well…as: You might as well throw your money into the ditch as give it to him. no more…than / not any more…than: Science is built with… A is to B what C is to D / What C is to D, that A is to B / As C is to D, A is to B: The government is to a country what the heart is to a person. 中西方文化寓意相同的： as cold as ice（像冰一样冷）， as fat as a pig（胖得像猪）， as cunning as a fox（像狐狸一样狡猾）， as still as death（死一般沉寂）， as graceful as a swan（像天鹅一样美丽）， as chaste as ice（冰清玉洁）， as greedy as a wolf（像狼一样贪婪）， as loyal as a dog（像狗一样忠诚）， as handsome as paint（美丽如画） 中西方文化寓意不同的： to eat like a horse（像马一样能吃）， to drink like a fish（像鱼一样能喝）， like a drowned rat（落汤鼠一样）， like a peacock among sparrows（像孔雀站在麻雀里）， like a hen on a hot girdle（像热烤盘上的母鸡）， as drunk as a rat（烂醉如泥）， as merry as a cricket（像蟋蟀一样快乐）， as poor as a church mouse（穷得像教堂里的耗子）， as thin as lath（骨瘦如柴）， as close as an oyster（像牡蛎一样闭嘴）， as stupid as a goose（愚蠢得跟鹅一样） 暗喻 通常直接用喻体做句子的宾语或者定语等成分来实现比喻。 常见的习惯用语： teach a fish to swim（教鱼游泳——班门弄斧） feather one’s nest（往自己的巢里弄羽毛——中饱私囊） beard the lion in his den（在狮子的洞口拔它的胡须——虎口拔牙） add insult to injury（给受伤的人以侮辱——雪上加霜） cast pearls before swine（把珍珠放在猪面前——对牛弹琴） hold the candle to the devil（为恶魔打火把——助纣为虐） cry up wine and sell vinegar（吆喝酒却卖醋——表里不一） fish in the air（在空气中钓鱼——水中捞月） lock the stable door after the horse is stolen（马被偷了后上锁——亡羊补牢） kill two birds wit