A Brief History of Canada Australia and New Zealand澳新加历史简介.ppt

Unit Two History---Lesson 5 A Brief History of Canada, Australia and New Zealand Britain sent the first fleet of 11 ships carrying about 1500 people to Sydney Harbour on 26 January 1788, and it is on this day every year that Australia Day is celebrated. From 1788 to 1868, about 160,000 men and women were brought to Australia as convicts. Sydney Harbour Flagship of the First Fleet The wool industry and the gold rushes of the 1850s provided an impetus for free settlers to come to Australia. What’s more, scarcity of labour, the vastness of the land and new wealth based on farming, mining and trade made Australia a land of opportunity. During this period, Indigenous Australians suffered enormously. Death, illness, displacement and dispossession disrupted traditional lifestyles and practices. The discovery of gold in remote areas was followed by tradesmen Map showing the creation of the colonies/states and mainland territories The Commonwealth of Australia was formed in 1901 through the federation of six states under a single constitution. The founders of the new nation wanted Australia to be harmonious, united and egalitarian, and had progressive ideas about human rights, the observance of democratic procedures and the value of a secret ballot. Founding of a Nation The Citizens Arch - National Museum, Canberra, maded to celebrate Federation The Royal Exhibition Building, Melbourne. Site of the first sitting of Federal parliament The non-indigenous population at the time of Federation was 3.8 million. Half of these lived in cities, three-quarters were born in Australia, and the majority were of English, Scottish or Irish descent. From 1900 to 1914 great progress was made in developing Australia’s agricultural and manufacturing capacities, and in setting up institutions for government and social services. The First World War had a devastating impact on Australia. ---As many as 60, 000 died and tens of thousands more were wounded. ---Australia’s most endurin