9Cr18 不锈钢材料触变成形的组织和性能研究.pdfVIP

9Cr18 不锈钢材料触变成形的组织和性能研究 ·1 · 9Cr18 不锈钢材料触变成形的组织和性能研究 王永金 宋仁伯 李亚萍 （北京科技大学材料科学与工程学院，北京 100083 ） 摘 要 通过触变成形工艺制备 9Cr18 不锈钢材料制件，与传统热处理工艺对比，探讨触变成形制件的强韧性及耐 蚀性能。研究结果表明，材料在半固态触变成形过程中，固液两相表现出不同的流动特性。熔融液态金属流动至材 料表层，形成一层细小枝晶的表层，覆盖保留在内部的固相奥氏体组织，显微组织呈梯度分布。由于内部的固相奥 氏体组织，材料的塑性得到提高，加工硬化能力显著上升，使材料表现出内部强韧性，与外侧硬度较高的枝晶层共 同配合，表现出功能梯度特性。触变成形制件的电化学行为不同于常规热处理材料，腐蚀电流密度有所降低，但过 钝化区出现了化学反应阶段。 关键词 触变成形, 功能梯度材料, 力学性能, 电化学行为 Research on the Microstructure and Properties of 9Cr18 Stainless Steel Through Thixoforming Wang Yongjin, Song Renbo, Li Yaping (School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China) Abstract Specimen of 9Cr18 stainless steel was fabricated through thixoforming process. Mechanical and corrosion properties of thixoforned specimen were compared with conventional heat treatment specimen. The results showed that the solid and liquid phase exhibited different flow behavior during thixoforming. Melted liquid flew to the surface and then formed fine dendrite, which covered the retained solid inside. With the inner austensite, the plastic and work hardening properties increased and then the material inside showed good strength, which cooperated with the hard dendrite surface. The electrochemical behavior of thixoformed specimen was different from that of the conventional heat treatment specimen. Corrosion current density was reduced, while chemical reaction occurred after the passivation zone. Key words thixoforming, functionally graded material (FGM), mechanical property, electrochemical behavior 1 概述 [1] 金属材料半固态成形自 1970 年代从麻省理工学院发展起来 。到目前为止，镁、铝