质量管理Chp02(renew2).ppt

Chapter Overview What is Theory? Leading Contributors to Quality Theory W. Edwards Deming, Joseph M. Juran, Kaoru Ishikawa, Armand Feigenbaum, Philip Crosby, Genichi Taguchi, The Rest of the Pack Viewing Quality Theory From a Contingency Perspective Resolving the Differences in Quality Approaches: An Integrative View Theoretical Framework for Quality Management Key Terms Benchmarking Deduction Induction Just-in-time(JIT)purchasing Parallel processing in focused teams Pareto’s law(the 80/20 rule) Quality at the source Reengineering Sequential or departmental approach to design 1. What is Theory? Theory Defined Theory is a “coherent group of general propositions used as principles of explanation for a class of phenomena.” Illustration of a Theory For example, it might have been observed that many companies that have implemented quality improvements have experienced improved worker morale. What is Theory? What is Theory? Four Elements of a Theory What The what of a theory involves which variables or factors are included in the model. How The how of a theoretical model involves the nature, direction, and extent of the relationship between the variables. Why The why of the theory is the theoretical glue that holds the model together. Who-Where-When The who-where-when aspect place contextual bounds on the theory. What is Theory? Two Ways to Establish a Theory Induction Deduction Induction The process of induction is useful but is also subject to observer bias and misperception. Deduction Using deduction, researchers propose a model based on prior research and design an experiment to test the theoretical model. What is Theory? A Theory of Quality Management? No Unified Theory As yet, there is not a unified theory explaining quality improvement that is widely accepted by the quality community Differing Approaches The differing approaches to quality improvement represent competing philosophies that have sought their places in the marketplace of ideas. A Theory of Qua