考研英语完型填空第二讲.ppt

硕士研究生统一入学考试英语考试完型填空 宋铁民 语法点拨 一、时态、语态 完成时是时态测试的重点，注意完成时所用的句型和时间状语 (1)by/between/up to/till +过去时间、since、by the time/when +表示过去发生情况的从句，主句用过去完成时。如： 　　We had just had our breakfast when an old man came to the door. 　　Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed had been produced. (2)by +将来时间、by the time/ when +谓语动词是一般现在时的从句，主句用将来完成时。如： 　　By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks. 　　I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year. (3)by now、since +过去时间、in/during/for/over/the past/last few(或具体数字)years/days/months，主句用现在完成时, 但在it is +具体时间since/before这一句型中，主句更多的时候不用完成时。如： 　　The changes that have taken place in air travel during the last sixty years would have seemed completely impossible to even the most brilliant scientists at the turn of the 19th century. 　　It is four years since John left school. (4)在It is the +序数词/形容词最高级+that的定语从句中，谓语动词常用现在完成时。如： 　　It isn’t the first time that I have found myself in an embarrassing situation. 二、动名词 1，牢记下列要求接动名词做宾语的动词： acknowledge, advocate, anticipate, appreciate, advise, avoid, admit, confess, consider, defend, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, favor, finish, forgive, imagine, include, involve, justify, keep mind, miss, mention, pardon, practice, postpone, permit, report, resent, resume, recall，recollect，risk, resist, suggest, tolerate Although a teenager, Fred could resist being told what to do and what not to do. I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago. 2.动名词做介词宾语 尤其要识别下列短语中的to是介词，不是不定式符号： object to, resort to, react to, contribute to, look forward to, be accustomed to, be committed to, be exposed to, be subjected to, be devoted to, be dedicated to, be opposed to, be reconciled to, be contrary to, be (get) used to, come close to, get down to, give oneself up to, prefer…to, see to, set to, take to, in addition to, with regard to, with a view to, on