四六级必备基本语法知识.pptVIP

基本语法知识 主讲人: 徐剑平 冠词 泛指和特指问题 A computer is vital Computers are of great importance The computer is significant 真善美和假恶丑并存 The true, the good and the beautiful would not exist without the false, the evil and the ugly. In summary, 科技英语中，表示泛指用法有： 1 不定冠词+ 单数可数名词 An ox is a useful animal. 2. the +单数可数名词 The horse has been replaced by the railroad, the windship and the steamship. 3.the +adj The rich get rich, and the poor get children 4.零冠词+复数名词 Doctors are badly needed at the front 5.零冠词+不可数名词 Unity is strength Knowledge is power 科技论文，英文科技论文的冠词处理 泛指单数名词前必须加不定冠词。 不可数名词前不加不定冠词，但可加some 在名词与其前面定语构成名词词组时，冠词应放在最前面： a highly turbulent gas zone, the iron source region 当名词前有形容词，形容词前还有too, how ,so, 或as时，该名词前必须有不定冠词，但应放在形容词之后 It is too hard and too brittle a steel 特指的名词（单数可数名词，复数可数名词，不可数名词）需加定冠词 泛指复数名词和不可数名词前不同冠词 以基数词编号的名词前不用冠词: Fig. 2 shows the apparatus used for photo-electronchemical measurements/ experiments 35 to 42 in Tables 5 and 6 show the relevant results of research 形容词或副词最高级前需加定冠词： The most widely used method of transporting … 每日一练 Subways are underground systems of high speed trains, which are mostly found in large cities such as New York, London, Paris, Beijing, Sydney, and Tokyo. Subway trains move more quickly and efficiently than buses; they will deliver you to within walking distance of almost any place in the city. They are inexpensive and help solve city traffic problems. The one drawback of subway trains is that they are often crowded and noisy. Taxis are more expensive than subways, but they will deliver you to the exact location you want in the shortest time possible. Taxis are convenient if you are in a hurry or if you are taking along a number of suitcases or packages. And as an added attraction , many cab drivers will tell you their adventures as taxi drivers or even the details of their lives. However, taxis are rather hard to find during rush hours. 不定式和分词用法 现在分词和过去分词 (1) 在句中的位置 单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面；过去分词短语作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词后面。 a broken heart