医学英语 biochemistry 生物化学.pptVIP

Introduction Foundations of Modern Biochemistry Goals of biochemistry Biochemistry seeks to describe the structure, organization, and functions of living matter in molecular terms. Foundations of Modern Biochemistry Three principal areas: (1) The structural chemistry of the components of living matter and the relationship of biological function to chemical structure. (2) Metabolism – All chemical reactions occurs in living organism. (3) The chemistry of processes and substances that store and transmit biological information (Molecular Genetics). Foundations of Modern Biochemistry Biochemistrys roots as a distinct field of study date to the early 19th century. Foundations of Modern Biochemistry 1930-1950, electron microscope: provided a whole new level of insight into cellular structure. Nucleic acids had been isolated in 1869. The idea of the gene (Gregor Mendel) By about 1900, cell biologists realized that genes must be found in chromosomes. Foundations of Modern Biochemistry Experiments proved conclusively that deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the bearer of genetic information. Foundations of Modern Biochemistry Biochemistry draws its major themes from: Foundations of Modern Biochemistry (5) Microbiology, (6) Physiology, life processes at the tissue and organism levels; (7) Cell biology: biochemical division of labor in a cell; (8) Genetics: describes mechanisms that give a particular cell or organism its biochemical identity. Uses of Biochemistry The results of biochemical research: are used extensively in the world outside the laboratory in agriculture, medical sciences, nutrition, and many other fields. Uses of Biochemistry In clinical chemistry, biochemical measurements on people help diagnose illnesses and monitor responses to treatment. Liver disease: measurements of blood levels of enzymes called transaminases and of a hemoglobin breakdown product called bilirubin. Uses of Biochemistry Pharmacology and toxicology are concerned with the effects of e