略论民事优先购买权制度.doc

PAGE PAGE 10 略论民事优先购买权制度 法学专业学生 冉益枫 指导老师 周中建 摘要：我国民法中关于民事优先权的规定较少，法学理论界关于这方面的研究也较少，但司法实践中却经常遇到这一类问题，苦于没有法律依据。本文从民事优先权中选择一点——民事优先购买权加以论述，从优先购买权的研究意义及背景；各国立法情况;我国古代优先购买权的情况；优先购买权的概念、种类及其依据、特征及优先购买权中存在的有争议的问题，如对优先购买权的前提“同等条件”的确认；共有人的优先购买权与承租人的优先购买权的冲突解决；几个共有权人优先购买权的竞合；房屋部分出租，承租人优先购买权的范围等方面入手加以阐述。 关键词：民事优先购买权；同等条件；行使期间；限制条件 A Brief Discuss On Preemptive Right in Civil Law Student majoring in law Ran Yifying Tutor Zhou Zhongjian Abstract：There are little provisions on civil priority in civil law of our country，and Research on this of theory circle of law science is little too，But we often meet this kind of problem in the judicial practice, Suffering from not having legal basis. This text chooses a point from civil priority Civil preemptive right is described .Analyzing some jurists view, it refers to many aspect of this problem in thistles From the research meaning and background of preemptive right, legislative situations of various countries, the situation of the ancient preemptive right of our country, disputable question existing in the concept , kind and basis , characteristic and purchase preference of purchase preference, Such as the affirmation of the equal condition of prerequisite to purchase preference; The conflicts of someones preemptive right and the lessees preemptive right are solved altogether; Several have the right people preemptive right compete and shut altogether; The part of the house is hired out , the range of lessees preemptive right. Keyword: Civil Preemptive Right， Meaning，Characteristic，Equal condition ，Exercises the period， Restriction condition 权利的冲突，尤其是民事权利的冲突，在社会经济生活中随处可见。冲突的权利，要有一个实现的先后顺序，即权利的顺位问题。于是优先权随着为解决权利冲突问题应运而生了。民事优先购买权是优先权的一种，各国法律基本上都有这方面的规定，我国法律虽然也有相关规定但却很不完善，随着社会经济的快速发展，这方面的冲突尤见突出，但却没有很明确的法律规定，适用起来争议较多。近年来，理论界也开始关注这方面的研究。 一、民事优先权的研究意义 我国物权法正在审议中，在物权法中设立优先购买权制度很有必要性： （一）优化资源配置，促进物尽其用 首先，民法设置物权制度的基本宗旨之一，就是更好的配置物质资源，促进物尽其用，充分发挥财产的效益，创造更多的社会财富。设立共有关系中的优先购买权的意义之一，就是实现这个宗旨，发挥财产的使用价值，保证物尽其用。主要是因为共有人对共有财产是最熟悉的，是实际使用共有财产的人