英文摘要的写作概要.ppt

英文摘要的写作 概述 文章摘要是对所写文章主要内容的精炼概括。美国人称摘要为“Abstract”,而英国人则喜欢称其为“Summary”。 国际会议要求的论文摘要的字数不等，一般为200字-500字。而国际刊物要求所刊登的论文摘要的字数通常是100字-200字。摘要的位置一般放在一篇文章的最前面，内容上涵盖全文，并直接点明全旨。语言上要求尽量简炼。摘要通常多采用第三人称撰写。 科学书籍、论文和学术报告一般都附有内容摘要，这样可以节省读者的时间，使他们不必读完整个文章就能够了解它的主要内容。书籍摘要，一般放在封二或封三；论文和学术报告的摘要，一般放在正文前面。 摘要的分类和组成 陈述性的（Descriptive):陈述性摘要只陈述书籍或文章的主题，不介绍内容 资料性的(informational）:资料性的摘要除了介绍主题外，还应介绍文章的要点和各个要点的主要内容。 ①点明主题，解析文章或书籍的目的或意图； ②介绍主要内容，使读者迅速了解文章或书籍的概貌； ③提出结论或建议，以供读者参考 陈述型论文摘要示例 ABSTRACT (1)This issue presents a complete survey on the immunoglobulin,and cellular expression patterns on resident cells and graft infiltrating cells in human stomach, heart ,and lung transplants. (2)It describes the patterns of cellular expression and inducibility in different pathological conditions of the graft. (3) It also discusses the implications for the organ specific appearance of inflammatory reactions in human stomach, heart and lung transplants as for immunosuppressive and therapeutic interventions 信息型论文摘要示例 ABSTRACT This article reviews the past achievements in agricultural mechanization and aims to predict the developments in the immediate future.It is acknowledged that to cope with greater crop output, it is necessary to make use of more powerful equipment that is capable of more extensive work within the limited time. 　The main problems are discussed under the following headings. 1)General Trend of Mechanization 2)Mechanization of Crop Farming 3)Mechanization of Animal Husbandry The article concludes that further progress of agricultural mechanization depends on, to a great extent the development of mechanical industry, which should be spurred and encouraged. Air quality impacts of speed-restriction zones for road traffic Bethan Owen* Department of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK Abstract This study investigates the air quality impacts of six