一次性筷子制备活性炭的研究.doc

攀枝花学院本科毕业设计（论文） 一次性筷子制备活性炭的研究 学生姓名： 李俊翰 学生学号： 200310519049 院（系）： 材料工程系 年级专业：2003级材料科学与工程 指导教师： 孙 艳 助教（硕士） 助理指导教师： 二〇〇七年六月 摘 要 我国是一次性筷子的生产大国，年产量约450亿双。大部分使用后的一次性筷子被烧掉，对环境造成相当大的破坏。本论文对废弃一次性筷子的综合利用作探索性的实验研究，即以一次性筷子为原料制备活性炭，该技术的产业化不仅可避免农林废弃物对环境造成污染，而且能生产出具有高附加值的产品，同时对拓宽活性炭的原料来源具有十分重要的现实意义。 论文采用条件实验比较氢氧化钾法、氯化锌法和磷酸法对一次性筷子活化效果的影响。结果表明，磷酸法制备出的活性炭性能优于另外两种方法。以磷酸为活化剂，研究了浸渍比、活化温度、活化剂浓度、活化时间对活性炭的得率和碘吸附值的影响。根据条件实验的结果，选择活化剂浓度、活化温度、浸渍比三个主要因素，进行正交实验。实验结果表明，在最佳工艺条件：活化剂浓度50％，活化温度500℃，浸渍比3:1，活化时间60min，浸渍时间13h下，所制得活性炭的碘吸附值为832.13mg/g。 关键词 一次性筷子，活性炭，磷酸，碘吸附值  ABSTRACT China is the country that produces lots of disposable chopsticks in the , the annual outputs are about 45 billion pairs. Most of the used disposable chopsticks were burned, and thus had caused considerable environmental damage. This paper studied the comprehensive utilization of discarded disposable chopsticks for the exploratory research, that the preparation of activated carbon with disposable chopsticks. The industrialization of the technology can not only avoid the agricultural and forestry waste to pollute the environment, but also high value-added products can be produced. Meanwhile, it was of great realistic significance to broaden the sources of raw materials. In this paper, with the chemical activating of mixture of disposable chopsticks and activator, high adsorption value activated carbon was made. First, the KOH，ZnCl2，H3PO4 were chose as the activator . Then the effects of the three preparation methods on the activated carbon were investigated. The results showed that this kind of activated carbon was the best, which using H3PO4 as activator. Then the H3PO4 was chose as the activator, studying the effects of the mass ratio，the activating temperature，the concentration of activator and activating time on the properties of activated carbon. Then, according to the results, the concentration of activator，activating temperature，the mass ratio were chose as the