专接本英语语法知识.doc

定语从句 ATTRIBUTIVE CLAUSE 复习重点: 关系代词的用法 关系副词的用法 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句 关系代词: 先 行 词 人 Who 充当从句主语 Whose 属格 (….的) Whom 充当从句宾语 That 代替who; whom 先 行 词 物 Which 充当从句主语,宾语 Whose 属格 (….的) That 代替which 关系副词: 时间 (last year) when 地点 (Beijing) where 原因 (reason) why 限定性定语从句 方式 (way) That or × 复习内容: 在复合句中起定语作用的从句叫做定语从句。它的作用相当于形容词,因此也叫形容词性从局。定语从句通常放在它所修饰的名词、代词之后，这种名词或代词叫做先行词。 关系代词的用法 1．关系代词who, whom, whose的用法 (1.1) who和whom指代人, 在从句中, who作主语，whom作宾语。 Smith was one of those old men who always seemed in fine health．史密斯看起来是那种非常健康的老人。 He is the man who lives next door To us. 他就是住在我们隔壁的人。 I have just met a lady (whom) I saw last month．我刚刚遇到一位我上个月见过的女士。 Those who were present were disappointed at the report．在场的人们对报告感到失望。 (1.2) whose 指某某人的，在从句中作定语。 That’s the painter whose works are so highly regarded．那位就是作品受到高度评价的画家。 ２.　关系代词which whose 的用法： (2.1) which指物，可作从句的主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。 The dog which was lost has been found.丢失的狗已经找着。 These are the books (which) he wrote when he was young. 这些是他年轻时写的书。 　　 (2.2) whose 指某某物的，在从句中作定语。 　　 I want to work in the laboratory whose facilities are complete．我想找家设备完善的实验室工作。 ３.　that 的用法: (3.1) that可指人或物，在从句中担任主语或宾语，担任宾语时可省略。 先行词是指人的名词或代词时，that //who (whom)，可以互换引导从句。 先行词是指物的名词或代词时，that // which，也可以互换。 She is the girl that has two bright eyes.她长着两只明亮的眼睛。 Water that is impure often causes serious illness．水不洁会引起疾病。 The lawyer that (whom) l consulted gave me some useful advice．我咨询的律师给我出了一些好的建议。 The book that you ordered last year has arrived．你们去年定的书已经到达。 Thank you very much for the present (that) you sent me. 谢谢你送来的礼物。 [注] ①关系代词担任句子成分时，从句中的谓语动词以及代词要和先行词的人称和数一致。 Is he the man who sells the eggs?他是卖鸡蛋的那个人吗? They are the students who devote their spare time to sport.他们是那种在业余时间从事体育活动的学生。 that只能用在限定性定语从句中 (3.2) 而且前面不能有介词。 The m