[高中英语]第十三章 定语从句.docVIP

定语从句 定语从句概述 定语从句的定义 复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句，又叫形容词性从句；被修饰的名词或代词，叫做先行词；从句放在所修饰词（即先行词）之后由关系副词或关系代词引导。如： Those who are willing to attend the party, please sign here. The factory where his father works is in the west of the city. 定语从句的引导词 引导定语从句的关系词可分为关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词: that, which, who，whom, whose, as； 关系副词: where, when, why. 3．定语从句的分类 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。试比较： ①His brother who lives in New York is an actor. ( 限制性定语从句) 他住在纽约的那个兄弟是个演员。（可能还有其他兄弟） ②His brother, who lives in New York, is an actor. ( 非限制性定语从句) 他兄弟是个演员，他住在纽约。（只有这一个兄弟） 不难看出，限制性定语从句和主句关系十分密切，是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。翻译成汉语时，译到先行词的前面，意为“……的”，如例①。而非限制性定语从句和主句关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然很清楚。翻译成汉语时，译成一个独立的句子，放在主句译文之后，如例②。这种从句往往用逗号分开，不用that引导。如： China, which has a long history and bright brilliant culture, is a beautiful country. 中国是一个美丽的国家，它有着悠久的历史、灿烂的文化。 定语从句引导词的用法及分类 1、关系词的作用 ●连接作用：引导定语从句，把从句和主句连接起来； ●替代作用：在从句中替代先行词表示的意思； ●成分作用：在从句中充当一定的句子成分。 2、关系代词的用法分类（表一） 关系代词 格 用于限制性定语从句 和 非限制性定语从句 只用于限制性定语从句 在从句中 的句法功能 指人 指物 既指人又指物 主格词 who which that 主语 宾格词 who(m) which that 宾语/表语（which不作表语） 属格词 whose/ of whom whose/ of which whose/ of which 定语 【提示】 ●关系代词在从句中做宾语，且前面无介词时，可以省略。如： ①I still remember the story that/which my grandpa often told me. →I still remember the story my grandpa often told me. ②The house which/that she used to live in was very beautiful. →The house she used to live in was very beautiful. →The house in which she used to live was very beautiful. 但不可说成：The house in she used to live was very beautiful. ●关系代词as的用法参见“五、关系代词as和which的异同”。 3.关系副词的用法分类（表二） 先行词的类别 关系副词 介词+关系代词 在从句中的成分 时间 when = in / at / on / during which 地点 where = in / at / which 原因 why = for which where的先行词除表示明显的“地点”的名词外，还有一些表示人/物的境况、某事发展的阶段或表达某事的某个方面。常见的名词有stage, situation, point, case, position等。如： ①This is the town where I was born. ②There is one point where I’d like your advice. 有一点我想争求你的意见。 ③We have reached a situation where a change is needed. 我们到了必须改一改的地步。 ④We are in a position where we may lose a large su