2007同济大学电科课件 专业英语 增减翻译法.pptVIP

增减翻译法 在英译汉的过程中 语法结构的差异 词类差异 修辞手段的不同 在翻译过程中往往会出现词量增补或减少的现象。 1. 加词译法 在译文中增加原文中无其形而有其意的某些词 重复英语省略的某些词 给动作名词加汉语名词 增加概括性的词 增加解说性的词 增加加强上下文连贯性的词语 语法加词 虚拟语气加词 分词独立结构和分词短语的加词等等 例1：High voltage is necessary for long transmission while low voltage for safe use. 例2：The lower the frequency is, the greater the refraction of a wave will be. 例3：This report summed up the new achievements made in electron tubes, semiconductors and components. 例4：Many persons learned to program with little understanding of computers or applications to which computers could or should be applied. 例5：The development in science to be brought about due to a fuller knowledge of atom are expected to be even more extensive and fundamental. 分词独立结构加词 例6：Steam still provides power, of which electricity is the obedient carrier, it being capable of transmitting power in any desired amount and to any places where it is necessary to use it. 2. 减词译法 在英语中，有些词如冠词、介词、连词和代词等，在汉语中要么没有，要么用的不多，主要是因为汉语可以借助词序来表达逻辑关系。 因此，在英汉翻译中的词量减少主要出现在英语冠词、介词、代词、连词以及关系代词的省略翻译。 例7：The alternating current supplies the greatest part of the electric power for industry today. 例8：Because they are neutral electrically, they are called “neutrons”. 例9：Because copper possesses good conductivity, it is widely used in electrical engineering. 例10：They have found a method for solving this problem. 例11：Check the circuit before you begin the experiment. 3. 分译法 汉语一般不使用长句，因此英译汉时，往往要把英文中较长的句子或不易安排的句子成分拆出来，译成汉语的分句，以使译文层次分明，合乎汉语的习惯。 单词的分译 短语的分译 句子的分译 单词的分译 字对字译出来很别扭，或容易发生误解，这时往往可把单词译成一个分句或单句。 短语的分译 英语中能提出来分译的短语通常有：分词短语、介词短语、动词不定式短语或名词短语。 句子的分译 把英语中的从句译成分句，或把一个简单句拆开译成两个或两个以上的句子，以及再翻译复合句过程中增加分句或句子的数量。 例12：The price limits its production. 例13：The time could have been more profitably spent in making a detailed investigation. 例14：Computers being used, the complicated problem was solved quickly. 例15：The wrong power-line connections will damage the motor. 16：Two of the advantages of the