测控技术与仪器专业英语张凤登电子课件UNIT8MeasuringTechnique.pptVIP

UNIT 8 Measuring Technique 8.1 Text Errors in Measurement 测量中的误差 8.4 General Knowledge 定义 定义（definition）是理工科学生需要了解的一个重要写作技巧，科学家、工程师和技术人员经常用它来解释科学著中作的想法（idea）、概念（concept）、定律（law）、物质（substance）或物体（object）。 定义（续） 尚辅网 / New Words geometric [d?i?umetrik] a. 几何的，几何学的 propagate [pr?p?ɡeit] v. 传播，宣传，繁殖 coordinate [k?u?:dinit] n. v. 坐标（用复数）；调整，整理 graduated [ɡr?djueitid] a. 分度的 theodolite [θi?d?lait] n. 经纬仪 bubble [b?bl] n. 气泡，泡 dexterity [dekster?ti] n. 灵巧，机敏，灵活，熟练 blunder [bl?nd?] n. v. 大错，失误；犯大错，做错 gross [ɡr?us] a. 显著的，严重的，总的，毛的 obviate [?bvieit] v. 消除，排除，回避，避免，预防 conscientious [,k?n?ien??s] a. 尽责的 algebraic [,?ld?ibreiik] a. 代数的 curvature [k?:v?t??] n. 弯曲，曲率 refraction [rifr?k??n] n. 折光，折射 New Words (continue) trigonometric [,triɡ?n?metrik] a. 三角法的，据三角法的 calibration [,k?librei??n] n. 标度，刻度，校准 unquantifiable [,?nkw?ntifai?bl] a. 不可测量的，难以计算的 Notes Also, it is the indirect nature of measurements that forces the need to often apply some rather sophisticated mathematical procedures to analysis of errors and thus determine a “best value” to present the size of the quantity. 而且，测量的间接性要求必须采用一些非常复杂的数学程序来分析误差，这样才能确定出一个表征数值大小的“最佳值”。 gross error 严重错误，过失误差 law of probability 概率论 Exercises 1. Answer the following questions. ⑴ The sources of errors fall into three broad categories. They are the instrumental error， natural error， and personal error. ⑵ The natural error is caused by variation in the surrounding environment conditions， whereas Personal Error arises due to limitations in human senses. ⑶ Yes， it does. From the discussion thus far it can be stated with absolute certainty that all measured values contain errors， whether due to lack of refinement in readings， instabilities in environmental conditions， instrumental imperfection or human limitations. ⑷ Mistake actually is not an error because it usually is so gross in magnitude compared to the systematic or random errors. ⑸ Systematic errors follow some physical law and